E-Learning Quality Requirements for the Post COVID-19 Era in the Arab World

Abstract

This study analyses the challenges that face the higher education sector in the Arab World in light of the overwhelming COVID-19 pandemic that struck the world in 2019 both on national and institutional levels. It takes into consideration the internal/on-campus challenges, which include the infrastructure, staff skills and attitudes, facilities, learning resources and applications, as well as smart solutions, in addition to off-campus challenges such as technology infrastructure, the culture of Arab families, students’ attitudes, and the labor market and employers’ appreciation of online learning. The study also investigates the different approaches and modes of e-learning that vary from complete distance to the blended and technology supported modes. A survey was conducted in a few Arab countries from the Gulf Council countries (GCC), North Africa and East Mediterranean countries, targeting faculty members at public and private universities, where 354 faculty members and administrative staff (including leadership) responded. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis were conducted. In addition, a review of 27 academic articles were on the students’ voices regarding used tools and e-learning environment was carried out. This chapter then argues the quality of e-learning, including accreditation systems and their recognition by formal higher education sectors, as declared by the ministries of education and higher education in the selected countries. Then a proposed framework for the e-learning quality requirements in the Arab World is provided to help higher education institutions satisfy quality parameters towards reliable intended learning outcomes.