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Calcium: Why Is It Important?

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Parathyroid Gland Disorders

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Abstract

Calcium is the fifth-most abundant element in the human body. As electrolytes, calcium ions play a vital role in the physiological and biochemical processes of organisms and cells. These include signal induction pathways (where they act as a second messenger), neurotransmitter release from neurons, contraction of all muscle cell types, cofactors in many enzymes, and fertilization. Extra-cellular calcium ions are important for maintaining the potential difference across excitable cell membranes, for protein synthesis as well as bone formation. Circulating calcium concentrations are tightly controlled by the parathyroid hormone and vitamin D at the expense of the skeleton when dietary calcium intakes are inadequate. The “recommended dietary allowance” for calcium is 1000–1200 mg/day for adults. Adequate calcium intake is not only critical for maintaining a healthy skeleton, but may also play a role in body weight regulation and has therapeutic benefits in the management of moderate-to-severe premenstrual symptoms. Moreover, calcium supplementation has a role in reducing the risk of hypertension and pre-eclampsia in pregnant women. Low concentrations of serum calcium may cause tetany while high concentrations of calcium and oxalate in the urine are major risk factors for the formation of calcium oxalate stones in the kidneys. Hypercalcemia could be fatal if left untreated.

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    Mahmoud F. Sakr

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Sakr, M.F. (2022). Calcium: Why Is It Important?. In: Parathyroid Gland Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07418-9_6

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