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EEG–fMRI in Animal Models

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EEG - fMRI

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Abstract

Simultaneous EEG–fMRI offers powerful insight into neuronal function but also presents significant technical challenges. The electroencephalogram (EEG) has excellent temporal resolution but lacks in spatial resolution and is unable to investigate deep brain structures; however, EEG provides no information about hemodynamic or metabolic changes that occur in the brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides excellent whole brain coverage with good spatial resolution and has become the modality of choice for soft tissue. fMRI can be used to study the hemodynamic and metabolic changes associated with a diverse array of neuronal processes noninvasively but lacks the temporal resolution of EEG. Simultaneous EEG–fMRI studies combine these tools and maximize their strengths in a complimentary fashion. Animal models allow for the investigation of neuronal networks and the fundamental relationships between fMRI signals and brain electrical activity through invasive studies not possible in humans. This chapter will review the technical challenges of simultaneous EEG–fMRI studies of animal models, including issues related to anesthesia, movement, signal artifact, physiology, electrode compatibility, data acquisition, and data analysis. We will also review simultaneous EEG–fMRI studies of epilepsy, sensory–motor processing, sleep, and studies designed to specifically investigate the relationship between neuronal activity and associated neuroimaging signals. Simultaneous EEG–fMRI studies of animal models will enable us to correctly interpret human studies, ultimately elucidating specific networks that may be targeted for improved treatment of human disease.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Ms. Katherine Steadman for administrative support. This chapter is dedicated in memory of Dr. Damien Ellens, a beloved member of the Blumenfeld Lab.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Abhijeet Gummadavelli & Hal Blumenfeld

  2. Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Basavaraju G. Sanganahalli, Peter Herman & Famheed Hyder

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Basavaraju G. Sanganahalli, Peter Herman & Famheed Hyder

  4. Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Famheed Hyder & Hal Blumenfeld

  5. Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Hal Blumenfeld

  6. Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Hal Blumenfeld

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  1. Abhijeet Gummadavelli
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  2. Basavaraju G. Sanganahalli
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  5. Hal Blumenfeld
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Correspondence to Hal Blumenfeld .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Psychiatry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany

    Christoph Mulert

  2. UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK

    Louis Lemieux

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Gummadavelli, A., Sanganahalli, B.G., Herman, P., Hyder, F., Blumenfeld, H. (2022). EEG–fMRI in Animal Models. In: Mulert, C., Lemieux, L. (eds) EEG - fMRI. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07121-8_27

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