Abstract
In this chapter, we examine the theme of institutions (or the organization of markets), and more specifically the way in which the neoclassical mainstream has tried over the last decades to “endogenize” them, in order to integrate them into its general theoretical corpus. We show that most of the so-called neo-institutionalist works, very often non-mathematized and supposedly distinct from the neoclassical current, actually seek to refer to the standard general market equilibrium model to sound more scientific and be accepted academically. We will see how these analyzes represent a defense of private property rights, a justification of the established social order, and a certain vision, extremely restrictive and oriented, of democracy.
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Notes
- 1.
One of the bases used to write this chapter was a long survey elaborated for the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1996, a few months before I joined the CNRS as a full-time researcher: Herrera (1996). The discreetly critical aspect of its initial content meant that this draft, although self-censored and commissioned as an OECD working paper, did not obtain the internal visa authorizing its publication. It thus remained a mimeo. The present, liberated text of this chapter has little to do with the original one, which was too polite—because it was excessively polished.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
Arrow and Debreu (1954).
- 6.
- 7.
Among others: Williamson (1975).
- 8.
- 9.
De Janvry et al. (1993).
- 10.
Williamson (1995).
- 11.
Coase (1987).
- 12.
Lin and Nugent (1995).
- 13.
Bertrand (2003).
- 14.
For an example of typology: Matthews (1986).
- 15.
Coase (1960).
- 16.
- 17.
Boland (1979).
- 18.
Cf. Ménard (1990).
- 19.
See, for example, North (1984).
- 20.
- 21.
Williamson (1975).
- 22.
Akerlof (1984).
- 23.
North (1984).
- 24.
Hayami and Ruttan (1984).
- 25.
- 26.
Hayek (1953).
- 27.
- 28.
North (1991).
- 29.
Nabli and Nugent (1989).
- 30.
- 31.
North (1981).
- 32.
North (1990a).
- 33.
- 34.
Banque mondiale (1996).
- 35.
Clark (1924).
- 36.
Banque mondiale (1997).
- 37.
- 38.
- 39.
- 40.
Mahieu (1989).
- 41.
- 42.
For an analysis of the Japanese firm, complementary to that of O.E. Williamson: Aoki (1986).
- 43.
Schneider and Libercier (1995).
- 44.
Lévi-Strauss (1962, p. 44).
- 45.
Here: Schultz (1968).
- 46.
- 47.
De Janvry et al. (1991).
- 48.
Matoussi and Nugent (1989).
- 49.
- 50.
Laffont and Matoussi (1995).
- 51.
- 52.
- 53.
Stiglitz (1974).
- 54.
Ziegler (2005).
- 55.
Squire and Van der Tak (1975).
- 56.
- 57.
- 58.
Herrera (2010a).
- 59.
- 60.
The World Bank (1997, p. 53).
- 61.
- 62.
The World Bank (1997, pp. 35–38).
- 63.
North (1990a).
- 64.
Cf De Soto (1986).
- 65.
- 66.
North (1987).
- 67.
Findlay and Wilson (1987).
- 68.
- 69.
North (1979).
- 70.
Idem. Also: North (1981).
- 71.
North (1981, p. 21).
- 72.
North (1990a).
- 73.
North (1990b).
- 74.
North (1987).
- 75.
Friedman (1962).
- 76.
See: Lipset (1959).
- 77.
Read: Helliwell (1994).
- 78.
Helliwell, et al. (2013).
- 79.
In particular: Schwarz (1992).
- 80.
Barro (1996).
- 81.
See: Gastil (various years).
- 82.
- 83.
Consult the website www.freedomhouse.org, and immediately afterward, consult a doctor in case of prolonged exposure to this ideological irradiation.
- 84.
Cf. Kojm (2012). Available on: http://fr.scribd.com/doc/115962650/Global-Trends-2030-Alternative-Worlds.
- 85.
- 86.
- 87.
Central Intelligence Agency(various years).
- 88.
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Herrera, R. (2022). Markets and Institutions: Economics and the Rough Understanding of Organizations. In: Confronting Mainstream Economics for Overcoming Capitalism. Marx, Engels, and Marxisms. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05851-6_4
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