Skip to main content

Unipolarity and Nationalism: The Racialized Legacies of an Anglo-Saxon Unipole

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Polarity in International Relations

Part of the book series: Governance, Security and Development ((GSD))

  • 809 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter argues that nationalism shapes international behavior in particular ways and its effects will be particularly obvious in periods of unipolarity. To illustrate this argument, it examines American nationalism and the tension between its liberal ideological and Anglo-conforming, racist commitments. This tension produces ongoing “organized hypocrisies” in both its internal and international politics and suggests that different unipoles would make alternative choices based on their own nationalist histories and normative tensions, even as behaviors remained within an operative nationalist bandwidth shared across the international system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anderson, B. (2016). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. Revised Edition. Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anievas, A. (forthcoming). Race to rollback: Far-right power in America’s global Cold War. Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anievas, A., & Saull, R. (2020). Reassessing the Cold War and the far-right: Fascist legacies and the making of the liberal international order after 1945. International Studies Review, 22(3), 370–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anievas, A., Manchanda, N., & Shilliam, R. (Eds.). (2014). Race and racism in international relations: Confronting the global colour line. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antonsich, M. (2015). Nations and nationalism. In Companion to political geography (pp. 297–310). Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berenskoetter, F. (2014). Parameters of a national biography. European Journal of International Relations, 20(1), 262–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Billig, M. (1995). Banal nationalism. Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blaney, D. L., & Inayatullah, N. (2000). The Westphalian deferral. International Studies Review, 2(2), 29–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonikowski, B. (2016). Nationalism in settled times. Annual Review of Sociology, 42, 427–449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonikowski, B., & DiMaggio, P. (2016). Varieties of American popular nationalism. American Sociological Review, 81(5), 949–980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brubaker, R. (1996). Nationalizing states in the old ‘New Europe’—And the new. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 19(2), 411–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calhoun, C. (2017). The rhetoric of nationalism. In Everyday nationhood (pp. 17–30). Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calhoun, C. (2008). Cosmopolitanism and nationalism. Nations and Nationalism, 14(3), 427–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calhoun, C. (2007). Nations matter. India International Centre Quarterly, 34(1), 32–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conrad, P. (2021, January 18). America in retreat by Michael Pembroke review—Grisly history of a bully-boy nation. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/jan/18/america-in-retreat-by-michael-pembroke-review-grisly-history-of-a-bully-boy-nation

  • Croucher, S. L. (2003). Perpetual imagining: Nationhood in a global era. International Studies Review, 5(1), 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, N., & Saull, R. (2017). Neoliberalism and the far-right: A contradictory embrace. Critical Sociology, 43(4–5), 707–724.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Déloye, Y. (2013). National identity and everyday life. In J. Breuilly (Ed.), The oxford handbook of the history of nationalism (pp. 615–631). Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dicker, S. J. (2008). US immigrants and the dilemma of Anglo-conformity. Socialism and Democracy, 22(3), 52–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, Y. H., & Mansbach, R. W. (1996). The past as prelude to the future? Identities and loyalties in global politics. In Y. Lapid & F. Kratochwil (Eds.), The return of culture and identity in IR theory (pp. 21–46). Lynne Reinner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gellner, E. (1994). Nationalism and high cultures. In J. Hutchinson & A. D. Smith (Eds.), Nationalism (pp. 63–70). Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartz, L. (1955). The liberal tradition in America: An interpretation of American political thought since the revolution (Vol. 46). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heiskanen, J. (2019). Spectra of sovereignty: Nationalism and international relations. International Political Sociology, 13, 315–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ikenberry, J. G. (2004). Liberalism and empire: Logics of order in the American unipolar age. Review of International Studies, 30(4), 609–630.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikenberry, J. G. (2009). Liberal internationalism 3.0: America and the dilemmas of liberal world order. Perspectives on Politics, 7(1), 71–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikenberry, J. G. (2011). Liberal Leviathan: The origins, crisis, and transformation of the American world order (Vol. 128). Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikenberry, J. G., Mastanduno, M., & Wohlforth, W. C. (2009). Unipolarity, state behavior, and systemic consequences. Special Issue on the subject. World Politics, 61(1), 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jervis, R. (2009, January). Unipolarity: A structural perspective. World Politics, 61(1), 188–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kymlicka, W. (2004). Justice and security in the accommodation of minority nationalism. In S. May & T. Modood (Eds.), Ethnicity, nationalism, and minority rights (pp. 144–175). Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kymlicka, W. (1991). Liberalism and the politicization of ethnicity. Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence, 4(2), 239–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krasner, S. D. (1999). Sovereignty: Organized hypocrisy. Princeton University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lake, M., & Reynolds, H. (2008). Drawing the global colour line: White men’s countries and the question of racial equality. Melbourne University.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lieven, A. (2012). America right or wrong: An anatomy of American nationalism (Rev. ed.). Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malešević, S. (2020). Nationalist conspiracies. The disorder of things blog. https://thedisorderofthings.com/2020/07/05/nationalist-conspiracies/#more-17698

  • Malešević, S., & Trošt, T. P. (2007). Nation-state and nationalism. In G. Ritzer & C. Rojek (Eds.), The Blackwell encyclopedia of sociology (pp. 1–9). Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Migdal, J. S. (2004, Fall). State building and the non-nation-state. Journal of International Affairs, 5(1), 17–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Navari, C. (2007). States and state systems: Democratic, Westphalian or both? Review of International Studies, 33, 577–595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Özkirimli, U. (2017). Theories of nationalism: A critical introduction (3rd ed.). Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Paasi, A. (1999, February). Nationalizing everyday life: Individual and collective identities as practice and discourse. Geography Research Forum, 19, 4–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reus-Smit, C. (1999). The moral purpose of the state: Culture, social identity, and institutional rationality in international relations. Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saull, R. (2018). Racism and far right imaginaries within neo-liberal political economy. New Political Economy, 23(5), 588–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. M. (1997). Civic ideals: Conflicting visions of citizenship in U.S. history. Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterling-Folker, J. (1997, March). Realist environment, liberal process, and domestic-level variables. International Studies Quarterly, 41, 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterling-Folker, J. (2005). Realist global governance: Revisiting cave! Hic dragones and beyond. In M. Hoffmann & A. Ba (Eds.), Contending perspectives on global governance: Coherence, contestation, and world order. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterling-Folker, J. (2009). Neoclassical realism and identity: Peril despite profit across the Taiwan straits. In S. Lobell, N. M. Ripsman, & J. Taliaferro (Eds.), Neoclassical realism, the state, and foreign policy. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterling-Folker, J. (2021). Nationalism, world order, and the Covid-19 pandemic, individual contribution to the forum, “Thinking theoretically in unsettled times: COVID-19 and beyond”. International Studies Review. https://academic.oup.com/isr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/isr/viab018/6273326?login=true

  • Szarejko, A., & Labrosse, D. (Eds.). (2020, February 4). Teaching nationalism in IR. H-Diplo ROUNDTABLE XXI-27: A Teaching Roundtable.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trautsch, J. M. (2016). The origins and nature of American nationalism. National Identities, 18(3), 289–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, P. (2006). Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native. Journal of Genocide Research, 8(4), 387–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jennifer Sterling-Folker .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sterling-Folker, J. (2022). Unipolarity and Nationalism: The Racialized Legacies of an Anglo-Saxon Unipole. In: Græger, N., Heurlin, B., Wæver, O., Wivel, A. (eds) Polarity in International Relations. Governance, Security and Development. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05505-8_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics