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A Review of Municipal Solid Waste: Its Generation, Composition, Impacts, Management and Challenges in Urban Areas with Special Focus on India

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Environmental Pollution and Natural Resource Management

Abstract

Municipal Solid waste (MSW) is a rapidly growing issue in the world of today along with countless number of other issues as well in all grounds. The trend of urbanization, growth of industrialization, advancements in technology etc. seen in urban areas of the world are some of the perks that attract the population towards living an urban life for more income, better comfort and improved lifestyles. But the same has led to a number of issues over the years as well, including a very high generation rate of MSW (with varied compositions) due to certain and ever-growing urban lifestyles and also ever-increasing demands of the population to adjust to the modern way of living. Today, these generation rates have reached such high levels that proper and effective management has become a huge challenge for the urban areas of the world. The developing nations of the world like India are suffering quite a lot due to it compared to certain developed nations despite generating comparatively lesser amounts of MSW, reasons being both economical as well as various social grounds too. An effort to describe MSW along with its generation and composition figures in various parts of the world has been made through this paper keeping a primary focus towards India. Studies have also been made about the various impacts MSW could have towards people, other living beings and also the environment along with the means for its management. Different steps like: waste segregation, collection, transportation, recycling, treatment and disposal are involved in the process of MSW management and the same needs to be executed effectively in order to call the MSW management which has been or is being performed as a proper one. But doing so is easier said than done as various challenges are faced along the way towards MSW management of an area/city/country. Several factors may be responsible for it ranging from economic, political and even social, all of which have been discussed by means of this review work. Once again, special attention has been given towards the nation of India while doing the same.

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  1. Sustainability Cluster (HSE and Civil Engineering), University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Bidholi, Dehradun, India

    Kanchan Deoli Bahukhandi

  2. Department of HSE and Civil Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Bidholi, Dehradun, India

    Saswat Ollemman

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    Kanchan Deoli Bahukhandi

  2. Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, India

    Nitin Kamboj

  3. Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, BFIT Group of Institutions, Dehradun, India

    Vishal Kamboj

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Bahukhandi, K.D., Ollemman, S. (2022). A Review of Municipal Solid Waste: Its Generation, Composition, Impacts, Management and Challenges in Urban Areas with Special Focus on India. In: Bahukhandi, K.D., Kamboj, N., Kamboj, V. (eds) Environmental Pollution and Natural Resource Management . Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05335-1_17

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