Skip to main content

Vaccination Schedules in Immunocompromised Children

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Vaccination of Immunosuppressed Children in Clinical Practice

Part of the book series: In Clinical Practice ((ICP))

  • 201 Accesses

Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss how the vaccination schedule differs in immunocompromised children, according to the individual risk of infection of each condition and the data available. We discuss the rationale behind administering supplementary vaccinations (e.g. usually not given beyond a certain age), an accelerated schedule, extra doses for primary vaccination, extra boosters, as well as specific conditions for the administration of live-attenuated vaccine, and review the guidelines available for each condition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P, Davies EG, Avery R, Tomblyn M, et al. 2013 IDSA clinical practice guideline for vaccination of the immunocompromised host. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(3):309–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Vaccine schedules in all countries of the European Union. 2020. https://vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa.eu/

  3. Robinson CL, Bernstein H, Poehling K, Romero JR, Szilagyi P. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger – United States, 2020. MMWR. 2020;69(5):130–2.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Borrow R, Heath PT, Siegrist CA. Use of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in children: what is the evidence? Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2012;25(3):292–303.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Acevedo R, Bai X, Borrow R, Caugant DA, Carlos J, Ceyhan M, et al. The Global Meningococcal Initiative meeting on prevention of meningococcal disease worldwide: epidemiology, surveillance, hypervirulent strains, antibiotic resistance and high-risk populations. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2019;18(1):15–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Reusser NM, Downing C, Guidry J, Tyring SK. HPV carcinomas in immunocompromised patients. J Clin Med. 2015;4(2):260–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Garland SM, Brotherton JML, Moscicki AB, Kaufmann AM, Stanley M, Bhatla N, et al. HPV vaccination of immunocompromised hosts. Papillomavirus Res. 2017;4:35–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Luna MS, Manzoni P, Paes B, Baraldi E, Cossey V, Kugelman A, et al. Expert consensus on palivizumab use for respiratory syncytial virus in developed countries. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2020;33:35–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics Bronchiolitis Guidelines Committee. Updated guidance for palivizumab prophylaxis among infants and young children at increased risk of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatrics. 2014;134(2):415–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Sobh A, Bonilla FA. Vaccination in primary immunodeficiency disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016;4(6):1066–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Pinto MV, Bihari S, Snape MD. Immunisation of the immunocompromised child. J Infect. 2016;5(72 Suppl):S13–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Bonilla FA. Update: vaccines in primary immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(2):474–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Medical Advisory Committee of the Immune Deficiency Foundation, Shearer WT, Fleisher TA, Buckley RH, Ballas Z, Ballow M, et al. Recommendations for live viral and bacterial vaccines in immunodeficient patients and their close contacts. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(4):961–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Martire B, Azzari C, Badolato R, Canessa C, Cirillo E, Gallo V, et al. Vaccination in immunocompromised host: recommendations of Italian Primary Immunodeficiency Network Centers (IPINET). Vaccine. 2018;36(24):3541–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Gagneur A, Pinquier D, Quach C. Immunization of preterm infants. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(11):2556–63.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Gibson D, Mehler PS. Anorexia nervosa and the immune system-a narrative review. J Clin Med. 2019;8(11).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Andersen CJ, Murphy KE, Fernandez ML. Impact of obesity and metabolic syndrome on immunity. Adv Nutr. 2016;7(1):66–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Kelishadi R, Roufarshbaf M, Soheili S, Payghambarzadeh F, Masjedi M. Association of childhood obesity and the immune system: a systematic review of reviews. Child Obes. 2017;13(4):332–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Tagliabue C, Principi N, Giavoli C, Esposito S. Obesity: impact of infections and response to vaccines. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016;35(3):325–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Menson EN, Mellado MJ, Bamford A, Castelli G, Duiculescu D, Marczynska M, et al. Guidance on vaccination of HIV-infected children in Europe. HIV Med. 2012;13(6):333–6. e1–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Calliari LE, Almeida FJ, Noronha RM. Infections in children with diabetes. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96(Suppl 1):39–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Husein N, Chetty A. Influenza, pneumococcal, hepatitis B and herpes zoster vaccinations. Can J Diabetes. 2018;42(Suppl 1):S142–s4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. World Federation of Hemophilia. Guidelines for the management of hemophilia. 2012. https://elearning.wfh.org/resource/treatment-guidelines/

  24. Snyder J, Butzner JD, DeFelice AR, Fasano A, Guandalini S, Liu E, et al. Evidence-informed expert recommendations for the management of celiac disease in children. Pediatrics. 2016;138(3).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Simons M, Scott-Sheldon LAJ, Risech-Neyman Y, Moss SF, Ludvigsson JF, Green PHR. Celiac disease and increased risk of pneumococcal infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2018;131(1):83–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Esposito S, Mastrolia MV, Prada E, Pietrasanta C, Principi N. Vaccine administration in children with chronic kidney disease. Vaccine. 2014;32(49):6601–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Dinleyici M, Carman KB, Kilic O, Laciner Gurlevik S, Yarar C, Dinleyici EC. The immunization status of children with chronic neurological disease and serological assessment of vaccine-preventable diseases. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(8):1970–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Menni F, Chiarelli G, Sabatini C, Principi N, Esposito S. Vaccination in children with inborn errors of metabolism. Vaccine. 2012;30(50):7161–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Patel S, Heath P, Skinner R. Vaccinations for paediatric patients treated with standard-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. UK: Children’s Cancer and Leukaemia Group; 2016. https://www.cclg.org.uk/write/MediaUploads/Member%20area/Treatment%20guidelines/Vaccinations_for_Children_treated_with_Standard-dose_Chemotherapy_and_HSCT_Recipients-Sept_2014-FINAL_CCLG.pdf

  30. Ljungman P, Cordonnier C, Einsele H, Englund J, Machado CM, Storek J, et al. Vaccination of hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2009;44(8):521–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Suresh S, Upton J, Green M, Pham-Huy A, Posfay-Barbe KM, Michaels MG, et al. Live vaccines after pediatric solid organ transplant: proceedings of a consensus meeting, 2018. Pediatr Transplant. 2019;9:e13571.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Papp KA, Haraoui B, Kumar D, Marshall JK, Bissonnette R, Bitton A, et al. Vaccination guidelines for patients with immune-mediated disorders on immunosuppressive therapies. J Cutan Med Surg. 2019;23(1):50–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Dipasquale V, Romano C. Vaccination strategies in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Vaccine. 2017;35(45):6070–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Benamu E, Montoya JG. Infections associated with the use of eculizumab: recommendations for prevention and prophylaxis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2016;29(4):319–29.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Kienast AK, Kreth HW, Hoger PH. Varicella vaccination in children with atopic eczema. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2007;5(10):875–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Cesaro S, Giacchino M, Fioredda F, Barone A, Battisti L, Bezzio S, et al. Guidelines on vaccinations in paediatric haematology and oncology patients. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:707691.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Lai JJ, Lin C, Ho CL, Chen PH, Lee CH. Alternative-dose versus standard-dose trivalent influenza vaccines for immunocompromised patients: a meta-analysis of randomised control trials. J Clin Med. 2019;8(5).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Miskulin D, Weiner DE, Manley HJ. High-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccine in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020;75(3):456.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Mombelli M, Kampouri E, Manuel O. Influenza in solid organ transplant recipients: epidemiology, management, and outcomes. Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther. 2020;18(2):103–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Pittet LF, Posfay-Barbe KM. Vaccination of immune compromised children-an overview for physicians. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180(7):2035–47.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Geraldine Blanchard-Rohner .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Blanchard-Rohner, G., Pittet, L.F. (2022). Vaccination Schedules in Immunocompromised Children. In: Vaccination of Immunosuppressed Children in Clinical Practice . In Clinical Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04844-9_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04844-9_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-04843-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-04844-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics