Abstract
This chapter summarises the contribution of this book to research on asylum policies, NGO-state relations, post-communist administration, and transfer. Diverse actors shape international transfer processes and outcomes. Some actors shift their role from norm addressees to norm promoters, and vice versa. As norm promoters they select, translate, and disseminate norms, choosing transfer methods, allies, and targets. As norm addressees, they express contestation or approval, resist or support, use and translate the norms. Engaging in multi-scalar activities, these transfer actors construct and renegotiate relations and scales, changing society and state beyond the normative effects of transfer. The practical effects of norm transfer are heterogeneous and unstable for several reasons. First, transfer involves numerous transfer actors who all enjoy leeway. Second, many of the multiple transfer approaches target individuals. Finally, top-down control over policy implementation is limited.
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Notes
- 1.
- 2.
As this book is a case study of multi-scalar transfer processes before being a study of asylum policies in Ukraine, it covered a large variety of actors. This means that it does not offer the same depth and detail on specific phenomena as research that focused specifically on a single site, actor, or issue of a national asylum regime, such as Spire (2008) or Fischer (2009a, 2009b).
- 3.
With growing academic criticism of the category of a supposedly homogenous post-communist, post-socialist, or post-Soviet space (Müller, 2019; Sucală, 2022; Thelen, 2012), increasing time passed since the end of the Soviet Union, and the strong orientation of Ukraine towards the EU and North America especially since 2014, research should not limit itself to comparing the Ukrainian administration to other former Soviet republics but include comparisons to other states. Rather than presupposing persisting similarities among the former Soviet republics this is an open question that needs to be studied.
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Mützelburg, I. (2022). Conclusion. In: Transferring Asylum Norms to EU Neighbours. The European Union in International Affairs. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04528-8_8
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