Summary
Design is defined by complexity, in both its practical and theoretical applications, and positioned to address the developmental, situational, technological, and societal challenges of the external world. The study and practice of design require ways to select, frame, understand, address, and tackle the increasingly complex systems and contexts of design. This emphasizes the intangible attributes of design residing in thinking, reflecting, and knowing. Design capabilities have evolved with the development and engagement of various tools and frameworks to produce deeper reflections, meaningful contributions, and discourses of design. This chapter reviews the parameters of thinking-in-design, the reflective activities leading towards the design-of-practice, and the actions and applications resulting from knowledge-through-design. The shift of design, from traditional practice to systems-based thinking approaches, is further discussed against the dimensions of thinking, reflecting, and knowing in design.
The dimensions of design.
“Applied to the matter before us: we can learn thinking only if we radically unlearn what thinking has been traditionally. To do that, we must at the same time come to know it.”
Martin Heidegger (Heidegger (1968) What is Called Thinking? Harper & Row Publishers, New York)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Friedman K (2003) Theory construction in design research: criteria: approaches, and methods. Des Stud 24:507–522
Dorst K (2019) Design beyond design. She Ji J Des Econ Innov 5(2):117–127
Simon H (1998) The sciences of the artificial, 3rd edn. MIT Press, Cambridge
Friedman K (2012) Models of design: envisioning a future design education. Visible Lang 46(1/2):132–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(03)00039-5
Norman D (2016) When you come to a fork in the road, take it: the future of design. She Ji J Des Econ Innov 2(4):343–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2017.07.003
Meyer M, Norman D (2019) Changing design education for the 21st century. She Ji J Des Econ Innov 6(1):13–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2019.12.002
Lindberg T, Noweski C, Meinel C (2010) Evolving discourses on design thinking: how design cognition inspires meta-disciplinary creative collaboration. Technoetic Arts J Speculative Res 8(1):31–37. https://doi.org/10.1386/tear.8.1.31/1
Kimbell L (2011) Rethinking design thinking: part I. Des Stud 3(3):285–306
Buchanan R (1992) Wicked problems in design thinking. Des Issues 8(2):5–21
Kolko J (2010) Abductive thinking and sensemaking: the drivers of design synthesis. Des Issues 26(1):15–28
Sevaldson B (2011) Giga-mapping: visualisation for complexity and systems thinking in design. Nordes 4
Dorst K (2015) Frame innovation: create new thinking by design. MIT Press, Cambridge
Mononen L (2017) Systems thinking and its contribution to understanding future designer thinking. Des J Int J All Aspects Des 20(sup1):S4529–S4538. https://doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2017.1352949
Buchanan R (2019) Systems thinking and design thinking: the search for principles in the world we are making. She Ji J Des Econ Innov 5(2):85–104
Kimbell L (2012) Rethinking design thinking: part II. Des Cult 4(2):129–148
Schön D (1992) Designing as reflective conversation with the materials of a design situation. Res Eng Des 3(3):3–14
Rylander A (2009) Design thinking as knowledge work: epistemological foundations and practical implications. Des Manage J 4(1):7–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1942-5074.2009.00003.x
Dewey J (1980) Art as experience. Perigree Books, New York
Schön D (1983) The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action. Basic Books, New York
Doloughan FJ (2002) The language of reflective practice in art and design. Des Issues 18(2):57–64
Cross N (1982) Designerly ways of knowing. Des Stud 3(4):221–227
Glanville R (1999) Researching design and designing research. Des Issues 15(2):80–91
Cassirer E (1944) An essay on man: an introduction to a philosophy of human culture. Yale University Press, New Haven
Popper KR (1994) Knowledge and the body-mind problem: in defense of interaction. London, Routledge
Polanyi M (1962) Personal knowledge: towards a post-critical philosophy. Routledge, London
Buchanan R (2015) Worlds in the making: design, management, and the reform of organizational culture. Des Issues 1:5–20
Friedman K (2000) Creating design knowledge: from research into practice. IDATER, pp 5–27
Buchanan R (2001) Design research and the new learning. Des Issues 17(4):3–23
Manzini E (2009) New design knowledge. Des Stud 30:4–12
Cross N (1995) Discovering design ability. In: Buchanan R, Margolin V (eds) Discovering design: explorations in design studies. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 105–120
Manzini E (2016) Design culture and dialogic design. Des Issues 32(1):52–55
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chon, H. (2022). Dimensions of Thinking, Reflecting and Knowing Through Design. In: Rezaei, N., Saghazadeh, A. (eds) Thinking. Integrated Science, vol 7. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04075-7_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04075-7_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-04074-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-04075-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)