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Novel Media and Unit Configurations in Advanced Constructed Wetlands: Case Studies Under Hot Climate in Thailand

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Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Hot and Arid Climates

Part of the book series: Wetlands: Ecology, Conservation and Management ((WECM,volume 7))

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Abstract

At a household with limited space for installation of onsite wastewater treatment system, a new attribute for the constructed wetland (CW) systems is the multi-soil layer (MSL) system which has been developed and applied for treatment of domestic wastewaters. The CW-MSL with proper media arrangement and new- new-type multi-layer artificial wetland could achieve the desired treatment levels at the relatively small footprint, and it can be considered as advanced constructed wetland (ACW) for hot climate region. The MSL consists of permeable layers (PL) using zeolites, alternated with media mixture blocks (MBs) comprising of soil, iron particles, jute or sawdust, charcoal or alternative materials (organic residues or industrial waste). The MSL system has been found to be more efficient in treating organic matters and nutrients than other soil-based systems such as conventional CW or compact filter systems. The ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were found to be present in the layers of MSL, which played a major role in converting ammonia to nitrogen gas. The advanced CW with tropical plant species possess the ability to break down some pharmaceutical and personal cares products (PPCPs). This ability is achieved through the Fenton reaction in which H2O2 generated in the plant roots reacts with iron in the soil layers to form hydroxyl radicals effective in PPCPs degradation. The ACW systems could offer enormous opportunities for achieving organic matter/nutrient degradations of contaminants present in wastewater by exploiting the cooperative and mutualistic metabolisms between plants and microbial communities in both plant rhizosphere and novel media layers.

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Abbreviations

ACW:

Advanced constructed wetlands

AOA:

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea

AOB:

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria

BOD:

Biochemical oxygen demand

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

CW:

Constructed wetland

MB:

Mixed media blocks

mCW:

Modified constructed wetland

MSL:

Multi-soil layer

MSL-CW:

Multi-soil layer constructed wetland

N:

Nitrogen

P:

Phosphorus

PL:

Permeable layer

PPCPs:

Pharmaceutical and personal cares products

SL:

Soil layer

SMB:

Soil mixture block

SS:

Suspended solids

UL:

Underdrain layer

VFCW:

Vertical-flow constructed wetlands

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand

    Thammarat Koottatep & Tatchai Pussayanavin

  2. Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Tatchai Pussayanavin

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Thammasat School of Engineering, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Chongrak Polprasert

Authors
  1. Thammarat Koottatep
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  2. Tatchai Pussayanavin
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  3. Chongrak Polprasert
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thammarat Koottatep .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and Management, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece

    Alexandros Stefanakis

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Koottatep, T., Pussayanavin, T., Polprasert, C. (2022). Novel Media and Unit Configurations in Advanced Constructed Wetlands: Case Studies Under Hot Climate in Thailand. In: Stefanakis, A. (eds) Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Hot and Arid Climates. Wetlands: Ecology, Conservation and Management, vol 7. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03600-2_18

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