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Optimization Processes of Biodiesel Production from Pig and Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Seeds Blend Oil Using Alternative Catalysts from Waste Biomass

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Waste Treatment in the Biotechnology, Agricultural and Food Industries

Part of the book series: Handbook of Environmental Engineering ((HEE,volume 26))

Abstract

This study tested the suitability of solid residue (CaO) derived from the mixture of waste biomass as catalysts in transesterification conversion of the blend of neem oilseed (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) with rendered pig fat. Blending was done in the ratio of neem oil:pig fat oil (v/v) as 10:90 (NO10), 20:80 (NO20), 30:70 (NO30), 40:60 (NO40), 50:50 (NO50), 60:40 (NO60), 70:30 (NO70), 80:20 (NO80), and 90:10 (NO90), respectively. Optimization of transesterification process parameters of methanolysis of CaO catalyst for the synthesis of 60:40 of mixed oil biodiesel (MOB) was carried out using central composite design that generates 30 experimental runs.

Results showed low viscous oil at blend of 60:40. The predicted MOB yield of 98.05 (wt. %) at catalyst amount of 2.179 (g), reaction time of 57.45 min, reaction temperature of 59.91 °C, and MeOH/OMR of 5.9:1 (mL/mL) was validated in triplicate, and an average MOB yield of 98.03 (wt. %) was obtained. Results of XRD analysis indicated CaO as the predominant constituent element obtained from the mixture of calcined palm kernel shell husk (CPKSH) and calcined fermented kola nut husk (CFKNH). The qualities of MOB produced were within the biodiesel standard.

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Acknowledgments

Authors acknowledge the effort of Bassey Gauis, Udoma William, and Mrs. Florence of Department of Chemical Engineering, Akwa Ibom State University.

Funding: This work receives no fund from University, Private organization, or Government body.

Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest whatsoever.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering Department, Akwa-Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Nigeria

    T. F. Adepoju

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Yung-Tse Hung

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Correspondence to Yung-Tse Hung .

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  1. Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Latham, NY, USA

    Lawrence K. Wang

  2. Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Latham, NY, USA

    Mu-Hao Sung Wang

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Yung-Tse Hung

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Adepoju, T.F., Hung, YT. (2022). Optimization Processes of Biodiesel Production from Pig and Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Seeds Blend Oil Using Alternative Catalysts from Waste Biomass. In: Wang, L.K., Wang, MH.S., Hung, YT. (eds) Waste Treatment in the Biotechnology, Agricultural and Food Industries. Handbook of Environmental Engineering, vol 26. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03591-3_8

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