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Integrative Approach to Stress

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Neuroscience of Stress

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Abstract

Resilience implies successful adaptation to stressful situations, overcoming threatening and adverse events, while maintaining psychological and physiological functioning. Resilience requires integrating different psychological and biological processes, involved in cognitive, emotional, behavioural and psychoneuroendocrinological adaptive changes. Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology (PNIE) constitutes an integrative discipline, shaped in the interface between different scientific and clinical areas. Hence, it represents an ample and generous concept to define a new scientific discipline, which includes and integrates the distinguishing characteristics provided by the converging fields that contributed to shape it, with their respective processes and signalling molecules, involved in the major communication systems in each organism. Archaeological research demonstrated that the deciphering of the “Rosetta Stone” provided a bridge between the known and the unknown scripts. In the same way, the extraordinary progress in the study of stress, comprising several lines of research focused on psychological and neurobiological aspects, also needed a “Rosetta Stone” to bridge the remaining gaps. Therefore, PNIE represents the “Rosetta Stone” in the neuroscience of stress, which provides the necessary links between the involved factors, translating psychological concepts into neurobiological mechanisms and reciprocally molecular and biological processes into cognitive and emotional functions. In this regard, the study of PNIE involves the study of the nervous, the endocrine and the immune systems and the molecules involved in their respective signalling systems. Moreover, it is concerned with the study of neurotransmitters, neurotrophins, hormones and cytokines and the reciprocal interactions between them, their respective systems and the transcriptional regulation of different genes involved in these systems, through the bridges provided by this integrative discipline to study the interactions between all the different processes involved in the PNIE of stress.

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  1. International Foundation for the Development of Neurosciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Gustavo E. Tafet

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Tafet, G.E. (2022). Integrative Approach to Stress. In: Neuroscience of Stress. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00864-1_5

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