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History and Diversity: Establishing a Context for Helminth Biology

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Helminth Infections and their Impact on Global Public Health

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Abstract

Over the years, we have come to recognize that evolution is a dynamic process and a fundamental organizing principle for exploring diversity and the biosphere. Basic knowledge of systematics and phylogenetics within an evolutionary context is essential for gaining a flexible understanding of contemporary parasite diversity and developmental pathways and assessing how these are influenced by environmental perturbation and anthropogenic forcing. Further, an appreciation for historical processes as determinants of modern-day geographic patterns and host associations is needed to explore the outcomes of environmental change on parasite evolution and parasite faunal structure. Collectively, these data lead to a better predictive capacity for future changes in the distribution patterns and roles that parasites play in animal and human health. We provide a powerful alternative to a century of coevolutionary thinking that has dominated parasitology, in a succinct outline of the recently proposed Stockholm Paradigm which explores diversity, evolution, and biogeography of complex parasite-host assemblages. In this chapter, we highlight how insights from the past and knowledge of current parasite assemblages expose the impacts that accelerated climate warming, habitat perturbation, erosion of biodiversity, and changes in host adaptation have had on the ebb and flow of zoonotic infectious diseases. We further look at how molecular and biochemical studies have advanced systematics, taxonomic stability, and diagnostic capability and are guiding future progress toward understanding parasites, parasitism, and their relationships to global public health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Animal Parasitic Diseases Lab, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA

    Dante S. Zarlenga

  2. Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

    Eric P. Hoberg

  3. Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Eric P. Hoberg

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Jillian T. Detwiler

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  1. Dante S. Zarlenga
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  1. Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., Università di Pisa, Medical School, Pisa, Italy

    Fabrizio Bruschi

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Zarlenga, D.S., Hoberg, E.P., Detwiler, J.T. (2022). History and Diversity: Establishing a Context for Helminth Biology. In: Bruschi, F. (eds) Helminth Infections and their Impact on Global Public Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00303-5_2

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