Abstract
Travel to World War I Gallipoli battlefield by Australians and Turks is outlined as a strategic case study to theorise the power of mobility to shape social memory and national identity. Sociology in recent decades has increasingly appreciated travel as a basis of addressing methodological nationalism and incorporating transnational forces. The Mobilities paradigm led by John Urry is outlined as representative of this intellectual turn. It is argued that Mobilities is hampered by a reductionist understanding of culture. In contrast, a cultural sociology is forwarded whereby the traveller is an embodiment of the witness, with mobility affording new carriers and custodians of social memory as well as spatial and temporal environments that result in their symbolic elevation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adler, J. (1989a). Travel as Performed Art. American Journal of Sociology, 94(6), 1366–1391.
Aitchison, C. C. (2005). Feminist and gender perspectives in tourism studies: The social-cultural nexus of critical and cultural theories. Tourist Studies, 5(3), 207–224.
Alexander, J. C. (2003). The Meanings of Social Life. Oxford University Press.
Alexander, J. C., & Smith, P. (2010). The Strong Program: Origins, Achievements and Prospects. In J. R. Hall, L. Grindstaff, & M. Lo (Eds.), Handbook of Cultural Sociology (pp. 13–24). Routledge.
Ateljevic, I., Morgan, N., & Pritchard, A. (Eds.). (2012). The Critical Turn in Tourism Studies: Creating an Academy of Hope. Routledge.
Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Baudrillard, J. (1983). Simulations. Semiotext(e).
Bauman, Z. (1996). From Pilgrim to Tourist- or a Short History of Identity. In S. Hall & P. du Gay (Eds.), Questions of Cultural Identity (pp. 18–36). Sage.
Bellah, R. N. (2005). What Is Axial About the Axial Age? European Journal of Sociology, 46(1), 69–89.
Bellah, R. N., & Joas, H. (2012). The Axial Age and Its Consequences. Harvard University Press.
Bhambra, G. K. (2016). Comparative Historical Sociology and the State: Problems of Method. Cultural Sociology, 10(3), 335–351.
Bissell, D. (2014). Encountering Stressed Bodies: Slow Creep Transformations and Tipping Points of Commuting Mobilities. Geoforum, 51, 191–201.
Briggs, D., & Ellis, A. (2017). The Last Night of Freedom: Consumerism, Deviance and the “Stag Party”. Deviant Behavior, 38(7), 756–767.
Brown, L. (2015). Tourism and Pilgrimage: Paying Homage to Literary Heroes. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(2), 167–175.
Brubaker, R. (2015). Religious Dimensions of Political Conflict and Violence. Sociological Theory, 33(1), 1–19.
Büscher, M., & Urry, J. (2009). Mobile Methods and the Empirical. European Journal of Social Theory, 12(1), 99–116.
Casey, M. (2020). Shagaluf: Reality Television and British Working Class Heterosexuality on Holiday in Mallorca. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 18(5), 532–544.
Clarke, R. (Ed.). (2018). Cambridge Companion to Postcolonial Travel Writing. Cambridge University Press.
Clarke, R., Dutton, J., & Johnston, A. (2014). Shadow Zones: Dark Travel and Postcolonial Cultures. Postcolonial Studies, 17(3), 221–235.
Clifford, J. (1989). Notes on Travel and Theory. Inscriptions, 5, 177–188.
Cohen, E., Cohen, S. A., & Li, X. (2017). Subversive Mobilities. Applied Mobilities, 2(2), 115–133.
Conway, B. (2010). Commemoration and Bloody Sunday: Pathways of Memory. Palgrave Macmillan.
Couldry, N. (Ed.). (2009). Media Events in a Global Age. Routledge.
Cresswell, T. (2008). Understanding Mobility Holistically: The Case of Hurricane Katrina. In S. Bergmann & S. Tore (Eds.), The Ethics of Mobilities: Rethinking Place, Exclusion, Freedom and Environment (pp. 129–140). Routledge.
Davis, F. (1979). Yearning for Yesterday: A Sociology of Nostalgia. The Free Press.
Dayan, D. (2008). Beyond Media Events: Disenchantment, Derailment, Disruption. In D. Dayan & M. E. Price (Eds.), Owning the Olympics: Narratives of the New China (pp. 391–401). Michigan University Press.
Dayan, D., & Katz, E. (1988). Articulating Consensus: The Ritual and Rhetoric of Media Events. In J. C. Alexander (Ed.), Durkheimian Sociology: Cultural Studies (pp. 161–186). Cambridge University Press.
Dayan, D., & Katz, E. (1992). Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History. Harvard University Press.
Delanty, G. (2016). A Transnational World? The Implications of Transnationalism for Comparative Historical Sociology. Social Imaginaries, 2(2), 17–33.
Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1987). A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. University of Minnesota Press.
Douglas, M. (1966). Purity and Danger. Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Douglas, M. (1980). Introduction. In M. Halbwachs (Ed.), The collective memory. Harper Colophon.
Durkheim, E. (1995 [1912]). The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (K. Fields, Trans.). New York: Free Press.
Durkheim, E. (1975). Concerning the Definition of Religious Phenomena. In W. S. F. Pickering (Ed.), Durkheim on Religion: A Selection of Readings. Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Elaide, M. (1963). Myth and Reality. Harper & Row.
Eisenstadt, S. N. (1982). The Axial Age: The Emergence of Transcendental Visions and the Rise of Clerics. European Journal of Sociology, 23(2), 294–314.
Everuss, L. (2020). Mobile Sovereignty: The Case of ‘Boat People’ in Australia. Political Geography, 79, 1–10.
Fine, G. A., & Beim, A. (2007). Introduction: Interactionist Approaches to Collective memory. Symbolic Interaction, 30(1), 1–5.
Friedland, R. (2011). The Institutional Logic of Religious Nationalism: Sex, Violence and the Ends of History. Politics, Religion & Ideology, 12(1), 65–88.
Geertz, C. (1973). Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books.
Givoni, M. (2014). The Ethics of Witnessing and the Politics of the Governed. Theory, Culture & Society, 31(1), 123–142.
Gonzalez, L. T. V., Mariz, C. L., & Zahra, A. (2019). World Youth Day: Contemporaneous Pilgrimage and Hospitality. Annals of Tourism Research, 76, 80–90.
Gorski, P. S., & Türkmen-Dervişoğlu, G. (2013). Religion, Nationalism, and Violence: An Integrated Approach. Annual Review of Sociology, 39(1), 193–210.
Graburn, N. H. H. (2001). Tourism, Modernity and Nostalgia. In A. Ahmed & C. Shore (Eds.), The Future of Anthropology (pp. 158–178). Althlobe Press.
Greenfeld, L. (Ed.). (2016). Globalisation of Nationalism: The Motive-Force behind Twenty First Century Politics. ECPR Press.
Halbwachs, M. (1941). La Topographie Legendaire des Evangiles. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Halbwachs, M. (1950). The Collective Memory. New York: Harper & Row.
Halbwachs, M. 1952 [1925]. Les Cadres sociaux de la mémoire. Paris: Mouton.
Halbwachs, M. (1992). In L. A. Coser (Ed.), On Collective Memory. University of Chicago Press.
Halbwachs, M. (1997 [1950]). La mémoire collective. Albin Michel.
Halbwachs, M. (2008 [1941]). La topographie légendaire des évangiles en Terre sainte. PUF.
Hannam, K., Sheller, M., & Urry, J. (2006). Editorial: Mobilities, Immobilities and Moorings. Mobilities, 1(1), 1–22.
Hart, P. (2011). Gallipoli. Oxford University Press.
Hartley, L. P. (1953). The Go-Between. Hamish Hamilton.
Heimtun, B., & Morgan, N. (2012). Proposing Paradigm Peace: Mixed Methods in Feminist Tourism Research. Tourist Studies, 12(3), 287–304.
Huyssen, A. (1995). Twilight Memories: Marking Time in a Culture of Amnesia. Routledge.
Jameson, F. (1991). Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Duke University Press.
Jilovsky, E. (2015). Remembering the Holocaust: Generations, Witnessing and Place. Bloomsbury Academic.
Jones, G. H. (1912). Celtic Britain and the Pilgrim Movement. Honorable Society of Cymmrodorion.
Kaplan, C. (1996). Questions of Travel: Postmodern Discourses of Displacement. Duke University Press.
Katz, E., & Liebes, T. (2007). ‘No More Peace!’: How Disaster, Terror and War Have Upstaged Media Events. International Journal of Communication, 1, 157–166.
Kelner, S. (2012). Tours That Bind: Diaspora, Pilgrimage, and Israeli Birthright Tourism. New York University Press.
Kendall, A. (1970). Medieval Pilgrims. Wayland Publishers.
Koroglu, E. (2007). Ottoman Propaganda and Turkish Identity: Literature in Turkey During World War. Bloomsbury Academic.
Kurasawa, F. (2009). A Message in a Bottle: Bearing Witness as a Mode of Transnational Practice. Theory, Culture & Society, 26(1), 92–111.
Lambert, R. D. (2002). Reclaiming the Ancestral Past: Narrative, Rhetoric and the “Convict Stain”. Journal of Sociology, 38(2), 111–127.
Larsen, J. (2014). ‘The Tourist Gaze 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0. In A. A. Lew, C. M. Hall, & A. M. Williams (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Tourism (pp. 304–313). John Wiley & Sons.
Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the Social. Oxford University Press.
Levy, D., & Sznaider, N. (2006). The Holocaust and Memory in the Global Age. Temple University Press.
Light, D. (2017). Progress in Dark Tourism and Thanatourism Research: An Uneasy Relationship with Heritage Tourism. Tourism Management, 61, 275–301.
Lowenthal, D. ([1985] 2015). The Past Is a Foreign Country. Cambridge University Press.
Luz, N. (2020). Pilgrimage and Religious Tourism in Islam. Annals of Tourism Research, 82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102915
Macleod, J. (2015). Gallipoli: Great Battles. Oxford University Press.
Meethan, K. (2014). Mobilities, Ethnicity, and Tourism. In A. A. Lew, C. M. Hall, & A. M. Williams (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Tourism (pp. 240–250). John Wiley & Sons.
Nora, P. (1996). Realms of Memory: Rethinking the French Past. Columbia University Press.
Papastergiadis, N. (2013). The Turbulence of Migration: Globalization, Deterritorialization and Hybridity. Polity.
Peters, J. D. (2001). Witnessing. Media, Culture & Society, 23(6), 707–723.
Peters, J. D. (2009). Witnessing. In P. Frosh & A. Pinchevski (Eds.), Media Witnessing (pp. 23–48). Palgrave Macmillan.
Polzer, N. C. (2014). Durkheim’s Sign Made Flesh: The “Authentic Symbol” in Contemporary Holocaust Pilgrimage. The Canadian Journal of Sociology, 39(4), 697–718.
Randell, R. (2020). No Paradigm to Mobilize: The New Mobilities Paradigm Is Not a Paradigm. Applied Mobilities, 5(2), 206–223.
Ringmar, E. (2020). How Do Performances Fuse Societies? American Journal of Cultural Sociology, 8, 29–44.
Schmidt, C. J. (1979). The Guided Tour: Insulated Adventure. Urban Life, 7(4), 441–467.
Schudson, M. (1979). Review Essay: On Tourism and Modern Culture. American Journal of Sociology, 84(5), 1249–1258.
Sheller, M. (2018). Mobility Justice: The Politics of Movement in an Age of Extremes. Verso.
Spracklen, K., & Lamond, I. R. (2016). Critical Event Studies. Routledge.
Spillman, L. (2020). What Is Cultural Sociology? Polity.
Susen, S. (2015). The ‘Postmodern Turn’ in the Social Sciences. Palgrave Macmillan.
Thrift, N. (2007). Non-Representational Theory: Space, Politics, Affect. Routledge.
Timm Knudsen, B. (2011). Thanatourism: Witnessing Difficult Pasts. Tourist Studies, 11(1), 55–72.
Todorov, T. (1984). Mikhail Bakhtin: The Dialogical Principal. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Turner, B. (2007). The Enclave Society: Towards a Sociology of Immobility. European Journal of Social Theory, 10(2), 287–303.
Turner, V. (1969). The Ritual Process. Aldine.
Turner, V. (1973). The Center Out There: Pilgrim’s Goal. History of Religions, 12(3), 191–230.
Turner, V. (1974a). Drama, Fields and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society. Cornell University Press.
Turner, V. (1974b). Liminal to Liminoid, in Play, Flow, and Ritual. Rice University Studies, 60(3), 53–92.
Turner, V. (1974c). Pilgrimage and Communitas. Studia Missionalia, 23, 305–327.
Turner, V. (1975). Death and the Dead in the Pilgrimage Process. In M. G. Whisson & M. West (Eds.), Religion and Social Change in Southern Africa (pp. 107–127). David Philip and Rex Collings.
Turner, V. (1979). Process, Performance and Pilgrimage. Concept.
Turner, V., & Turner, E. (1978). Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture. Columbia University Press.
Urry, J. (1990). The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies. Sage.
Urry, J. (2000). Sociology Beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty-first Century. Routledge.
Urry, J. (2002). The Tourist Gaze (2nd ed.). Sage.
Urry, J. (2004). The “System” of Automobility. Theory, Culture & Society, 21(4–5), 25–39.
Urry, J. (2007). Mobilities. Polity.
Urry, J., Elliott, A., Radford, D., & Pitt, N. (2016). Globalisations Utopia? On Airport Atmospherics. Emotion, Space and Society, 19, 13–20.
Urry, J., & Larsen, J. (2011). The Tourist Gaze 3.0 (3rd ed.). Sage.
Uyar, M. (2016). Remembering the Gallipoli Campaign: Turkish Official Military Historiography, War Memorials and Contested Ground. First World War Studies, 7(2), 165–191.
Van Gennep, A. (1960). The Rites of Passage. Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Walby, S. (2007). Complexity Theory, Systems Theory, and Multiple Intersecting Social Inequalities. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 37(4), 449–470.
West, B. (2015). Re-enchanting Nationalisms: Rituals and Remembrances in a Postmodern Age. Springer.
Williams, R. (1973). The Country and the City. Oxford University Press.
Winter, J. (2006). Notes on the Memory Boom. In D. Bell (Ed.), Memory, Trauma and World Politics (pp. 54–73). Palgrave Macmillan.
Zelizer, B. (2002). Finding Aids to the Past: Bearing Personal Witness to Traumatic Public Events. Media, Culture & Society, 24, 697–714.
Zukin, S. (2013). Our World Trade Center. In M. Sorkin & S. Zukin (Eds.), After the World Trade Center: Rethinking New York City (pp. 13–22). Routledge.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
West, B. (2022). Travel Theory and Meaningful Mobility. In: Finding Gallipoli. Cultural Sociology. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98879-1_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98879-1_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-98878-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-98879-1
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)