Skip to main content

Abstract

In line with global paradigm shift towards the promotion of environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions to prevailing challenges in all facets of human endeavor, it has become increasingly paramount to explore and exploit naturally-occurring sources of nutraceuticals available in plants such as fruits and vegetables for their physiological and pharmacological benefits in promoting human health and wellbeing as well as prevention and management of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Research evidence has shown that citrus fruits, particularly orange peel, which contains significantly high quantity dietary fibers, phenolic compounds, and phytochemical agents, promote wellbeing due to its extensive anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, anti-cancerous, anti-diabetic and anti-hypercholesterolemic properties. These properties, as well as considerably little to no side effects in comparison to pharmaceuticals (medicinal drugs) continues to endear the global population to the health benefits of nutraceuticals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Das L, Bhaumik E, Raychaudhuri U, Chakraborty R (2012) Role of nutraceuticals in human health. J Food Sci Technol 49(2):173–183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Egbuna C, Tupas GD (eds) (2020) Functional foods and nutraceuticals—bioactive components, formulations and innovations, 1st edn. Springer Nature, Cham. 646 pp

    Google Scholar 

  3. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2007) Report on functional foods, food quality and standards service (AGNS)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Santini A, Novellino E (2017) To nutraceuticals and back: rethinking a concept. Foods 6(9):74

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Souto EB, Silva GF, Dias-Ferreira J, Zielinska A, Ventura F, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Novellino E, Santini A (2020) Nanopharmaceutics: part I—clinical trials legislation and good manufacturing practices (GMP) of nanotherapeutics in the EU. Pharmaceutics 12(2):146

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Campos JR, Severino P, Ferreira CS, Zielinska A, Santini A, Souto SB, Souto EB (2019) Linseed essential oil–source of lipids as active ingredients for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Curr Med Chem 26(24):4537–4535

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Rudra SG, Nishad J, Jakhar N, Kaur C (2015) Food industry waste: mine of nutraceuticals. Int J Sci Environ Technol 4(1):205–229

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gorinstein S, Martin-Belloso O, Park YS, Haruenkit R, Lojek A, Ciz M, Caspi A, Libman I, Trakhtenberg S (2001) Comparison of some biochemical characteristics of different citrus fruits. Food Chem 74:309–315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kratchanova M, Pavlovaa E, Panchev I (2004) The effect of microwave heating of fresh orange peels on the fruit tissue and quality of extracted pectin. Carbohydr Polym 56:181–185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Angew ON (2007) Functional foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 30:19–21

    Google Scholar 

  11. Mandalari G, Bennett RN, Bisignano G, Saija A, Dugo G, Lo Curto RB, Faulds CB, Waldron KW (2006) Characterization of flavonoids and pectins from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel, a major byproduct of essential oil extraction. J Agric Food Chem 54(1):197–203

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Di Majo D, Giammanco M, La Guardia M, Tripoli E, Giammanco S, Finotti E (2005) Flavanones in citrus fruit: structure–antioxidant activity relationships. Food Res Int 38(10):1161–1166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Tripoli E, La Guardia M, Giammanco S, Di Majo D, Giammanco M (2007) Citrus flavonoids: molecular structure, biological activity and nutritional properties: a review. Food Chem 104(2):466–479

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Crowell PL (1999) Prevention and therapy of cancer by dietary monoterpenes. J Nutr 129(3):775S–778S

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Thenmozhi M, Rajeshwari S (2010) Phytochemical analysis and anti-microbial activity of Polyalthia longifolia. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 1:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ramya Sree P. Nutritional and health benefits of orange peel. Available: https://www.pharmaresearchlibrary.com/nutritional-and-health-benefits-of-orange-peel/#:~:text=Orange%20peel%20contains%20pectin%2C%20a,which%20results%20in%20better%20digestion. Accessed 03-10-2021

  17. Rafiq S, Kaula R, Sofia SA, Bashira N, Nazirb F, Nayik GA (2016) Citrus peel as a source of functional ingredient: a review. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci 17(4):351–358

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kim JY, Oh TH, Kim BJ, Kim SS, Lee NH, Hyun CG (2008) Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil from Faefugium japonicum flower. J Oleo Sci 57:623–628

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ghasemi K, Ghasemi Y, Ebrahimzadeh MA (2009) Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of 13 citrus species peels and tissues. Pak J Pharm Sci 22(3):277–281

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Tao NG, Liu YJ, Zhang JH, Zeng HY, Tang YF, Zhang ML (2008) Chemical composition of essential oil from the peel of Satsuma mandarin. Afr J Biotechnol 7(9):1261–1264

    Google Scholar 

  21. Liew SS, Ho WY, Yeap SK, Sharifudin SA (2018) Phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of Citrus sinensis peel extracts. PeerJ 6:e5331

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Williams CA (2013) Specialized dietary supplements. In: Equine applied and clinical nutrition, Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  23. Osarumwense PO, Okunrobo LO, Uwumarongie-Ilori EG (2013) Phytochemical screening, proximate and elemental analysis of Citrus sinensis peels (L.) Osbeck. J Appl Sci Environ Manag 17(1):47–50

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Chau CF, Huang YL (2003) Comparison of the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of different fibers prepared from the peel of Citrus sinensis L. Cv. Liucheng. J Agric Food Chem 51(9):2615–2618

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Chen XM, Tait AR, Kitts DD (2018) Flavonoid composition of orange peel and its association with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Food Chem 218:15–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Gosslau A, YuChen K, Ho C-T, Li S (2014) Anti-inflammatory effects of characterized orange peel extracts enriched with bioactive polymethoxyflavones. Food Sci Human Wellness 3(1):26–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wang Z, Nakayama T (2010) Inflammation, a link between obesity and cardiovascular disease. Mediat Inflamm 2010:535918

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hashemi M, Khosravi E, Ghannadi A, Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R (2015) Effect of the peels of two citrus fruits on endothelium function in adolescents with excess weight: a triple-masked randomized trial. J Res Med Sci 20(8):721

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Sabzghabaee AM, Khayam I, Kelishadi R, Ghannadi A, Soltani R, Badri S, Shirani S (2013) Effect of Zizyphus jujuba fruits on dyslipidemia in obese adolescents: a triple-masked randomized controlled clinical trial. Med Arch 67(3):156

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Parmar HS, Kar A (2008) Medicinal values of fruit peels from Citrus sinensis, Punica granatum, and Musa paradisiaca with respect to alterations in tissue lipid peroxidation and serum concentration of glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones. J Med Food 11(2):376–381

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Egbuna C, Patrick-Iwuanyanwu KC, Onyeike EN, Khan J, Alshehri B (2021) FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) inhibitors with better binding affinity and ADMET properties than sorafenib and gilteritinib against acute myeloid leukemia: in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 6:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2021.1969286

  32. Wilcox LJ, Borradaile NM, de Dreu LE, Huff MW (2001) Secretion of hepatocyte apoB is inhibited by the flavonoids, naringenin and hesperetin, via reduced activity and expression of ACAT2 and MTP. J Lipid Res 42(5):725–734

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kumar S, Egbuna C (eds) (2019) Phytochemistry: an in-silico and in-vitro update: advances in phytochemical research. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  34. Tupas GD, Otero MCB, Ebhohimen EI, Egbuna C, Aslam M (2019) Anti-diabetic lead compounds and targets for drug development. In: Egbuna C, Kumar S, Ezzat SM, Ifemeje JC, Saravanan K (eds) Phytochemicals as lead compounds for new drug discovery. Elsevier, Cambridge, pp 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-817890-4.00008-1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  35. Egbuna C, Hassan S (2021) Dietary phytochemicals: a source of novel bioactive compounds for the treatment of obesity, cancer and diabetes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72999-8

    Book  Google Scholar 

  36. Abdelbaky MS, Elmehiry HF, Ali NK (2009) Effect of some citrus peels on hypercholesterolemic rats. In: Proceedings of the 1st international and 4th Arab annual scientific conference on: academic accreditation for higher specific education institutions and programs in Egypt and Arab world reality and expectation 2009 Apr 8, pp 8–9

    Google Scholar 

  37. Milind P, Dev C (2012) Orange: range of benefits. Int Res J Pharm 3(7):59–63

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anum Nazir .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Nazir, A. et al. (2022). Orange Peel as Source of Nutraceuticals. In: Egbuna, C., Sawicka, B., Khan, J. (eds) Food and Agricultural Byproducts as Important Source of Valuable Nutraceuticals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98760-2_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics