Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Probiotics

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Probiotics in Aquaculture

Abstract

Oral application of live bacteria to aquaculture species offers interesting potential benefits and numerous publications have documented the facts. Many probiotic bacteria do not survive the extreme pressures of feed handling and/or the milling process and the heat of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the host animal. The general public considers that Lactobacillus spp. are the most common group of probiotics. Studies conclude that when probiotics are fed directly to fish or shrimp, measurable and reproducible benefits are produced particularly those connected with improved health and resistance to infectious diseases. However, the concept of a probiotic is one of a feed supplement that acts in the digestive tract by inhibiting potentially harmful organisms, i.e. competitive exclusion. In terms of aquatic species, research does not always support the notion of the probiotics binding to and colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. Indeed, there is a wealth of information suggesting a role as non-specific immunostimulants, stimulating protective immunity by acting on the non-adaptive or innate component of the immune system. These activities and modes of action do not necessarily require the presence of viable cells. This narrative will explore the available information regarding the efficacy of probiotics, various factors influencing their stability in culture, the longevity of viable cells in/on commercial diets; and the effect of dosage, condition of the host, and physico-chemical factors associated with the rearing environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allan GL, Maquire GB (1991) Lethal levels of dissolved oxygen and effects of short-term oxygen stress on subsequent growth of juvenile Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture 94:27–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali H, Rico A, Murshed-e-Jahan K, Belton B (2016) An assessment of chemical and biological product use in aquaculture in Bangladesh. Aquaculture 454:199–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Aly SM, Mohamed MF, John G (2008) Effect of probiotics on the survival, growth and challenge infection in Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquacult Res 39:647–656

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aly SM, Abdel-Galil AY, Abdel-Aziz GA, Mohamed MF (2008) Studies on Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus, as potential probiotics, on the immune response and resistance of tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) to challenge infections. Fish Shellfish Immunol 25:128–136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arihara K, Ota H, Itoh M, Kondo Y, Sameshima T, Yamanaka H, Akimoto M, Kanai S, Miki T (1998) Lactobacillus acidophilus group lactic acid bacteria applied to meat fermentation. J Food Sci 63:544–547

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atefeh G, Rezvan P, Masoud F, Mahnaz MA (2012) Production of probiotic soy yogurt. Ann Biol Res 3:2750–2754

    Google Scholar 

  • Aubin J, Gatesoupe FJ, Labbe L, Lebrun L (2005) Trial of probiotics to prevent the vertebral column compression syndrome in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Aquacult Res 36:758–767

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amir S, Abouelwafa R, Hafidi M (2010) PLFAs of the microbial communities in composting mixtures of agro-industry sludge with different proportions of household waste. Int Biodeter Biodegrad 64:614–621

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagheri T, Hedayati SA, Yavari V, Alizade M, Farzanfar A (2008) Growth, survival and gut microbial load of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry given diet supplemented with probiotic during the two months of first feeding. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci 8:43–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Balcazar JL, De Blas I, Ruiz-Zazuela I, Calvo AC, Marquez I, Girones O, Muzquiz JL (2007) Changes in intestinal microbiota and humoral immune response following probiotic administration in brown trout (Salmo trutta). Br J Nutr 97:522–552

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bayne BL (1975) Aspects of physiological condition in Mytilus edulis L. with respect of the effects of oxygen tension and salinity. Proc Ninth Eur Mar Biol 213–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck BR, Kim D, Jeon J, Lee S-M, Kim HK, Kim O-J, Lee JI, Suh BS et al (2015) The effects of combined dietary probiotics Lactococcus lactis BFE920 and Lactobacillus plantarum FGL0001 on innate immunity and disease resistance in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 42:177–183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bidhan C, De DK, Meena BK, Behera PD, Das Mohapatra PK, Sharma AP (2014) Probiotics in fish and shellfish culture: immunomodulatory and ecophysiological responses. Fish Physiol Biochem 40(3):921–971. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-013-9897-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boylston TD, Vinderola CG, Ghoddusi HB, Reinheimer JA (2004) Incorporation of bifidobacteria into cheeses: challenges and rewards. Int Dairy J 14:375–387

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bricknell I, Dalmo RA (2005) The use of immunostimulants in fish larval aquaculture. Fish Shellfish Immunol Rev Fish Immunol Fish Larval Immun 19:457–472

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunt J, Austin B (2005) Use of a probiotic to control lactococcosis and streptococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). J Fish Dis 28:693–701

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brunt J, Newaj-Fyzul A, Austin B (2007) The development of probiotics for the control of multiple bacterial diseases of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). J Fish Dis 30:573–579

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brzozowski T (ed) (2019) New advances in the basic and clinical gastroenterology. IntechOpen, Zareb, Croatia, pp 546. ISBN 978-953-51-6966-6

    Google Scholar 

  • Buttriss JL, Stokes CS (2008) Dietary fibre and health: an overview. Nutr Bull 33(3):186–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2008.00705.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camilleri M, Colemont LJ, Zinsmeister AR (1989) Human gastric-emptying and colonic filling of solids characterized by a new method. Am J Physiol 257:G284–G290

    Google Scholar 

  • Champagne CP, Møllgaard H (2008) Production of probiotic cultures and their addition in fermented foods. In Edward RF (ed) Handbook of fermented functional foods, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, United States of America

    Google Scholar 

  • Charmantier G, Soyez C (1994) Effect of molt stage and hypoxia on osmoregulatory capacity in the penaeid shrimp Penaeus vannamei. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 178(2):233–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crittenden R (2004) An update on probiotic Bifidobacteria. In: Salminen S, von Wright A, Ouwerhand A (eds) Lactic acid bacteria: microbiological and functional aspects. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 125–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniels CL, Merrifield DL, Ringø E, Davies SJ (2015) Probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic applications for the improvement of larval European lobster (Homarus gammarus) culture. Aquaculture 416:396–406

    Google Scholar 

  • Dave RI, Shah NP (1998) Ingredient supplementation effects on viability of probiotic bacteria in yogurt. J Dairy Sci 81:2804–2816

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davies R, Obafemi A (1985) Response of micro-organisms to freeze-thaw stress. In: Robinson RK (ed) Microbiology of frozen foods. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London U.K, pp 83–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawood MAO, Koshio S, Abdel-Daim MM, Van Doan H (2019) Probiotic application for sustainable aquaculture. Revi Aquacul 11:907–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Decamp O, Moriarty D (2007) Aquaculture species profit from probiotics. Feed Mix 15:20–23

    Google Scholar 

  • De Vuyst L (2000) Technology aspects related to the application of functional starter cultures. Food Tech Biotech 38:105–112

    Google Scholar 

  • de Vres M, Schrezenmeir J (2008) Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Adv Biochem Eng/biotechnol 111:1–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Duggan C, Gannon J, Walker WA (2002) Protective nutrients and functional foods for the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Clin Nutr 75:789–808

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunier M, Siwicki AK (1993) Effects of pesticides and other pollutants in the aquatic environment on immunity of fish: a review. Fish Shellfish Immunol 3:423–438

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Arab AME, Girgis SM, Hegazy EM, El-Khalek ABA (2006) Effect of dietary honey on intestinal microflora and toxicity of mycotoxins. BMC Comp Altern Med 6:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Emam AM, Dunlap CA (2020) Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Bacillus velezensis AMB-y1; a potential probiotic to control pathogens in aquaculture. Ant v Leeuwenhoek 113:2041–2052

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gatesoupe F-J (2002) Probiotic and formaldehyde treatments of Artemia nauplii as food for larval pollack, Pollachius pollachius. Aquaculture 212:347–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson GR (2008) Prebiotics as gut microflora management tools. J Clin Gastroenterol 42(Suppl 2):S75–S79. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e31815ed097

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB (1995) Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr 125:1401–1412

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson GR, Rabiu B, Rycroft CE, Rastall RA (2004) Trans-galactooligosaccharides as prebiotics. In: Shortt C, Brien JO (eds) Handbook of functional dairy products. CRC Press LLC, USA, pp91–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill CO (2006) Microbiology of frozen foods. In: Da-Wen Boca S (ed) Handbook of frozen food processing and packaging. CRC Press, Ranton, pp 85–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo J-J, Liu K-F, Cheng S-H, Chang C-I, Lay J-J, Hsu Y-O, Yang J-Y, Chen T-I (2009) Selection of probiotic bacteria for use in shrimp larviculture. Aquacult Res 40:609–618

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hai NV (2015) The use of probiotics in aquaculture. J Appl Microbiol 119:917–935

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hai NV, Fotedar R (2009) Comparison of the effects of the prebiotics (Bio-Mos and [beta]-1,3-D-glucan) and the customised probiotics (Pseudomonas synxantha and P. aeruginosa) on the culture of juvenile western king prawns (Penaeus latisulcatus Kishinouye, 1896). Aquaculture 289:310–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Havenaar R, Ten Brink B, Huisin’t Veld JHJ (1992) Selection of strains for probiotic use. In: Fuller R (ed) Probiotics: the scientific basis. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 209–224

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Heo W-S, Kim Y-R, Kim E-Y, Bai SC, Kong I-S (2013) Effects of dietary probiotic, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis I2, supplementation on the growth and immune response of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Aquaculture 376–379:20–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hindu SV, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A, Thomas J (2019) A review of the impact of seaweed polysaccharide on the growth of probiotic bacteria and its application in aquaculture. Aquacult Int 27:227–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • https://www.bioremediationaquaculture.com/uploads/5/3/7/2/5372499/_aquapro_f.pdf

  • Jay JM, Loessner MJ, Golden DA (2005) Modern food microbiology. Springer, New York, p 790

    Google Scholar 

  • Jha DK, Bhujel RC, Anal AK (2015) Dietary supplementation of probiotics improves survival and growth of Rohu (Labeo rohita Ham.) hatchlings and fry in outdoor tanks. Aquaculture 435:475–479

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jinendiranm S, Boopathi S, Sivakumar N, Selvakumar G (2019) Functional characterization of probiotic potential of novel pigmented bacterial strains for aquaculture applications. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 11:186–197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joborn A, Olsson JC, Westerdahl A, Conway PL, Kjelleberg S (1997) Colonisation in the fish intestinal tract and production of inhibitory substances in intestinal mucus and faecal extracts by Carnobacterium sp. K1. J Fish Dis 20:383–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanpiengjai A, Khanongnush C, Lumyong S, Kummasook A, Kittibunchakul S (2020) Characterization of Sporidiobolus ruineniae A45.2 cultivated in tannin substrate for use as a potential multifunctional probiotic yeast in aquaculture. J Fungi 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040378

  • Kathy FJ, Tang SV, Durand BL, White RM, Redman CR, Pantoja Lightner DV (2000) Postlarvae and juveniles of a selected line of Penaeus stylirostris are resistant to infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus infection. Aquaculture 190:203–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawasaki S, Mimura T, Satoh T, Takeda K, Niimura Y (2006) Response of the microaerophilic Bifidobacterium species, B. boum and B. thermophilum, to oxygen. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:6854–6858

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi R, Mortazavian AM, Da Cruz AG (2011) Viability of probiotic microorganisms in cheese during production and storage: a review. Dairy Sci Technol 91:283–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kesarcodi-Watson A, Kaspar H, Lategan MJ, Gibson L (2012) Performance of single and multi-strain probiotics during hatchery production of Greenshell TM mussel larvae, Perna canaliculus. Aquaculture 354–355:56–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klingberg, TD, Budde BB (2006) The survival and persistence in the human gastrointestinal tract of five potential probiotic lactobacilli consumed as freeze-dried cultures or as probiotic sausage. Int J Food Microbiol 109:157–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim D-H, Austin B (2006) Innate immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) induced by probiotics. Fish Shellfish Immunol 21:513–524

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korbekandi H, Mortazavian AM, Iravani S (2011) Technology and stability of probiotic in fermented milks. In: N, Cruz AG, Faria JAF (eds) Probiotic and prebiotic foods: technology, stability and benefits to the human health. Shah, Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp 131–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Kourkoutas Y, Bosnea L, Taboukos S, Baras C, Lambrou D, Kanellaki M (2006) Probiotic cheese production using Lactobacillus casei cells immobilized on fruit pieces. J Dairy Sci 89:1439–1451

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Landsman A, St-Pierre B, Rosales-Leija M, Brown M, Gibbons W (2019) Investigation of the potential effects of host genetics and probiotic treatment on the gut bacterial community composition of aquaculture-raised Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Microorganisms 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7080217

  • Lee YK, Salminen S (2009) Handbook of probiotics and prebiotics, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Canada, p 596

    Google Scholar 

  • Leyva-Madrigal KY, Luna-Gonzalez A, Escobedo-Bonilla CM, Fierro-Coronado JA, Maldonado-Mendoza IE (2011) Screening for potential probiotic bacteria to reduce prevalence of WSSV and IHHNV in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under experimental conditions. Aquaculture 322–323:16–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu W, Ren P, He S, Xu L, Yang Y, Gu Z, Zhou Z (2013) Comparison of adhesive gut bacteria composition, immunity, and disease resistance in juvenile hybrid tilapia fed two different Lactobacillus strains. Fish Shellfish Immunol 35:54–62

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas A, Sodini I, Monnet C, Jolivet P, Corrieu G (2004) Probiotic cell counts and acidification in fermented milks supplemented with milk protein hydrolysates. Int Dairy J14:47–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattila-Sandholm T, Myllärinen P, Crittenden R, Morgensen G, Fondén R, Saarela R (2002) Technological challenges for future probiotic foods. Int Dairy J 12(2–3):173–182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Palacios CA, Ross LG, Jimenez-Valenzuela L (1996) The effects of temperature and body weight on the oxygen consumption of Penaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931. J Aquacult Tropics 11(1):59–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Meidong R, Doolgindachbaporn S, Jamjan W, Sakai K, Tashiro Y, Okugawa Y, Tongpim S (2017) A novel probiotic Bacillus siamensis B44v isolated from Thai pickled vegetables (Phak-dong) for potential use as a feed supplement in aquaculture. J Gen Appl Microbiol 63:246–253

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mensah P (1997) Fermentation-the key to food safety assurance in Africa? Food Control 8(5–6):271–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-7135(97)00020-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merrifield DL, Dimitroglou A, Foey A, Davies SJ, Baker RTM, Bøgwald J, Castex M, Ringø E (2010) Review: the current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids. Aquaculture 302:1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mizota T (1996) Functional and nutritional foods containing bifidogenic factors. Bull Int Dairy Found 313:31–35

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadi R, Mortazavian AM (2011) Technological aspects of prebiotics in probiotic fermented milks. Food Rev Int 27:192–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadi R, Mortazavian AM, Khosrokhavar R, Cruz AG (2011) Probiotic ice cream: viability of probiotic bacteria and sensory properties. Ann Microbiol 61:411–424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moonsamy G, Zulu NN, Lalloo R, Rsmchuran S, Singh S (2020) Large-scale production of an abalone probiotic, Vibrio midae, isolated from a South African abalone, Haliototis midae for use in aquaculture. Biocatalysis Agricult Biotechnol 29:101794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mortazavian AM, Ghorbanipour S, Mohammadifar MA, Mohammadi M (2011a) Biochemical properties and viable probiotic population of yogurt at different bacterial inoculation rates and incubation temperatures. Philipp Agric Sci 94:111–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortazavian AM, Mohammadi R, Cruz AG, Faria JAF (2011) Technology and stability of probiotics in dairy desserts. In: Shah NP, Shah N, Cruz AG, Faria JAF (eds) In probiotic and prebiotic foods: technology, stability and benefits to the human health. Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp 233–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortazavian AM, Sohrabvandi S (2006) Probiotics and food probiotic products; based on dairy probiotic products. Eta Publication, Tehran

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortazavian AM, Khosrokhvar R, Rastegar H, Mortazaei GR (2010) Effects of dry matter standardization order on biochemical and microbiological characteristics of freshly made probiotic Doogh (Iranian fermented milk drink). Ital J Food Sci 22:98–102

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moullac GI, Haffner P (2000) Environmental factors affecting immune responses in crustacea. Aquaculture 191:121–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moullac GL, Groumellec L, Ansquer L et al (1997) Haemotological and phenoloxidase activity changes in the shrimp Penaeus stylirostris in relation with the moult cycle: protection against vibriosis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 7:227–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noriega L, Gueimonde M, de los Reyes-Gavilan CG (2004) Effect of the adaptation to high bile salts concentrations on glycosidic activity, survival at low pH and cross-resistance to ile salts in Bifidobacterium. Int J Food Microbiol 94:79–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Nya E (2018) Recent development in dietary supplements: their role in health and disease. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing. Member of OmniScriptum publishing Group. ISBN 978-613-7-33376-1 Beau Bassin 71504, Mauritius

    Google Scholar 

  • Nya EJ (2015) Development of probiotics as biotechnology—driven product for reducing the incidence of gastrointestinal related disease. Int J Sci Res (IJSR) 4:2319–7064

    Google Scholar 

  • Olmos J, Acosta M, Mendoza G, Pitones V (2020) Bacillus subtilis, an ideal probiotic bacterium to shrimp and fish aquaculture that increase feed digestibility, prevent microbial diseases, and avoid water pollution. Arch Microbiol 202:427–435

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panigrahi A, Kiron V, Kobayashi T, Puangkaew J, Satoh S, Sugita H (2004) Immune responses in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss induced by a potential probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus JCM 1136. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 102:379–388

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Sanchez T, Ruiz-Zarzuela I, De Blas I, Balcazar JL (2013) Probiotics. in aquaculture: a current assessment. Rev Aquacult 5:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Phu TM, Phuong NT, Dung TT, Hai DM, Son VN, Rico A, Dalsgaard A (2016) An evaluation of fish health-management practices and occupational health hazards associated with Pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) aquaculture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Aquacult Res 47:2778–2794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qi ZZ, Dierckens K, Defoirdt T, Sorgeloos P, Boon N, Bao ZM, Bossier P (2009) Effects of feeding regime and probionts on the diverting microbial communities in rotifer Brachionus culture. Aquacult Int 17:303–315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ravula RR, Shah NP (1998) Effect of acid casein hydrolysate and cysteine on the viability of yogurt and probiotic bacteria in fermented frozen dairy desserts. Aust J Dairy Technol 53:175–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Resende JA, Borges ML, Pacheco KD, Ribeiro IH, Cesar DE, Silva VL, Diniz CG, Apolonio ACM (2017) Antibiotic resistance in potentially bacteriocinogenic probiotic bacteria in aquaculture environments. Aquacult Res 48:2113–2119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rivera-Espinoza Y, Gallardo-Navarro Y (2010) Non-dairy probiotic products. Food Microbiol 27:1–11

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson PAW, O’Dowd C, Burrells C, Williams P, Austin B (2000) Use of Carnobacterium sp. as a probiotic for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Aquaculture 185:235–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberfroid M (2007) Prebiotics: the concept revisited. J Nutr 137:S830–S837

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rochet V, Rigottier-Gois L, Dore J (2008) Modulation of Lactobacillus casei in ileal and fecal samples from healthy volunteers after consumption of a fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001(Rif). Can J Microbiol 54:660–667

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez-Estrada U, Satoh S, Haga Y, Fushimi H, Sweetman J (2009) Effects of single and combined supplementation of Enterococcus faecalis, mannan oligosaccharide and polyhydrobutyric acid on growth performance and immune response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquacult Sci 57:609–617

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross RP, Desmond C, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C (2005) Overcoming the technological hurdles in the development of probiotic foods. J Appl Microbiol 98:1410–1417

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz-Ponte C, Samain JF, Sanchez JL, Nicolas JL (1999) The benefit of a Roseobacter species on the survival of scallop larvae. Mar Biotechnol 1:52–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rycroft CE, Jones MR, Gibson GR, Rastall RA (2001) A comparative in vitro evaluation of the fermentation properties of prebiotic oligosaccharides. J Appl Microbiol 91:878–887

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rybka S, Kailasapathy K (1997) Effect of freeze drying and storage on the microbiological and physical properties of AB-yoghurt. Milchwissenschaft 52:390–394

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai M (1999) Current research status of fish immunostimulants. Aquaculture 172:63–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salinas I, Cuesta A, Esteban MA, Meseguer J (2005) Dietary administration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Bacillus subtilis, single or combined, on gilthead seabream cellular innate immune responses. Fish Shellfish Immunol 19:67–77

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salinas I, Dıaz-Rosales P, Cuesta A, Meseguer J, Chabrillon M, Morinigo MA, Esteban MA (2006) Effect of heat-inactivated fish and non-fish derived probiotics on the innate immune parameters of a teleost fish (Sparus aurata L.). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 111:279–286

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salminen S, Ouwehand AC, Isolauri E (1998) Clinical applications of probiotic bacteria. Int Dairy J 8:563–572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saxelin M, Lassig A, Karjalainen H, Tynkkynen S, Surakka A, Vapaatalo H, Järvenpää S, Korpela R, Mutanen M, Hatakka K (2010) Persistence of probiotic strains in the gastrointestinal tract when administered as capsules, yoghurt, or cheese. Int J Food Microbiol 144:293–300

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shah NP (2001) Functional foods from probiotics and prebiotics. Food Technol 55:46–53

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheehan VM, Ross P, Fitzgerald GF (2007) Assessing the acid tolerance and the technological robustness of probiotic cultures for fortification in fruit juices. Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol 8:279–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soundarapandian P, Babu R (2010) Effect of probiotics on the hatchery seed production of black tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius). Int J Animal Vet Adv 2:9–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuck KC, Overstreet RM (1994) Effect of baculovirus penaeid on growth and survival of experimentally infected post larvae of the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. J Invert Pathol 64:18–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun M, Chang Z, Van den Brink PJ, Li J, Zhao F, Rico A (2016) Environmental and human health risks of antimicrobials used in Fenneropenaeus chinensis aquaculture production in China. Environ Sci Pollution Res 23:15689–15702

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sumon KA, Rico A, Ter Horst MMS, Van den Brink PJ, Haque MM, Rashid H (2016) Risk assessment of pesticides used in rice-prawn concurrent systems in Bangladesh. Sci Total Environ 568:498–506

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tamime AY, Saarela M, Sondergaard AK, Mistry VV, Shah NP (2005) Production and maintenance of viability of probiotic microorganisms in dairy products. In: Tamime AY (ed) Probiotic Dairy Products. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., UK, pp 39–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Talwalker A, Kailasapathy K (2004) A review of oxygen toxicity in probiotic yogurts: influence on the survival of probiotic bacteria and protective techniques. Comp Rev Food Sci Food Saf 3:117–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi S, Egawa Y, Ushida K (2007) Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum strain Lq80 to weaning piglets stimulates the growth of indigenous lactobacilli to modify the lactobacillal population. J Gen Appl Microbiol 53:325–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurlow CM, Williams MA, Carrias A, Ran C, Newman M, Tweedie J, Allison EM, Jescovitch LN, Wilson AE, Terhune JS et al (2019) Bacillus velezensis AP193 exerts probiotic effects in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and reduces aquaculture pond eutrophication. Aquaculture 503:347–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Timmermans HM, Koning CJM, Mulder L, Rombouts FM, Beynen AC (2004) Monostrain, multistrain and multispecies probiotics-a comparison of functionality and efficacy. Int J Food Microbiol 96:219–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verschuere L, Rombaut G, Sorgeloos P, Verstraete W (2000) Probiotic bacteria as biological control agents in aquaculture. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 64:655–671

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vinderola CG, Costa GA, Regenhardt S, Reinheimer JA (2002) Influence of compounds associated with fermented dairy products on the growth of lactic acid starter and probiotic bacteria. Int Dairy J 12:579–589

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinderola CG, Prosello W, Reinheimer JA (2000) Viability of probiotic (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei) and nonprobotic microflora in Argentinian Fresco cheese. J Dairy Sci 83:1905–1911

    Google Scholar 

  • Watterson A, Little DC, Young JA, Murray FJ, Doi L, Boyd KA, Azim E (2012) Scoping a public health impact assessment of aquaculture with particular reference to Tilapia in the UK. ISRN Public Health 2012:1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Z-Q, Jiang C, Ling F, Wang X-G (2015) Effects of dietary supplementation of intestinal autochthonous bacteria on the innate immunity and disease resistance of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Aquaculture 438:105–114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zdunczyk Z (2004) Physiological effect of low digestible oligosaccharides in diets for animals and humans. Polish J Food Nutr Sci 13:115–130

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou X-X, Wang Y-B, Li W-F (2009) Effect of probiotic on larvae shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) based on water quality, survival rate and digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture 287:349–353

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Akwa Ibom State University, Mkpat Enin, P.M.B 1167, Uyo, Nigeria

    Elijah Nya

Authors
  1. Elijah Nya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elijah Nya .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK

    Brian Austin

  2. Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

    S.M. Sharifuzzaman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Nya, E. (2022). Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Probiotics. In: Austin, B., Sharifuzzaman, S. (eds) Probiotics in Aquaculture. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98621-6_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation