Abstract
The application of nanomaterials in alkali-activated composites is gaining popularity over the decade. The thermally cured alkali-activated concrete is a potential replacement for traditional Portland cement-based concrete in precast industries. The present study is focused on the strength and durability performance of graphene oxide (GO) based ambient-cured alkali-activated slag (AAS) mortar at different percentages of replacement of slag. The performance of ambient temperature cured ASS with different percentages of GO is compared with the thermally cured alkali-activated mortar at the activator fluid concentration of 8 molar and conventional cement mortar. The compressive and flexural strengths of ambient-cured alkali-activated slag mortar increased by 22% and 15% respectively, compared to the other mixes up to 0.06% GO addition. This is due to accelerated alkali activation of slag owing to the higher specific surface and amorphicity of these nanoparticles, as confirmed by microanalyses. Additionally, the resistance to chloride-ion penetration is also enhanced due to this GO addition, making this a viable option for usage in aggressive environments.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
AASHTO T 67-05. Standard Method of Test for Standard practices for force verification of testing machines. American association of state and highway transportation officials (2005)
Abdel-Gawwad, H.A., Mohammed, M.S., Alomayri, T.: Single and dual effects of magnesia and alumina nano-particles on strength and drying shrinkage of alkali activated slag. Constr. Build. Mater. 228, 116827 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116827
Adak, D., Sarkar, M., Mandal, S.: Effect of nano-silica on strength and durability of fly ash based geopolymer mortar. Constr. Build. Mater. 70, 453–459 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.093
Al-Majidi, M.H., Lampropoulos, A., Cundy, A., Meikle, S.: Development of geopolymer mortar under ambient temperature for in situ applications. Constr. Build. Mater. 120, 198–211 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.085
Aliabdo, A.A., Abd Elmoaty, M., Emam, M.A.: Factors affecting the mechanical properties of alkali activated ground granulated blast furnace slag concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 197, 339–355 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.086
Amin, M., Abu el-hassan, K.: Effect of using different types of nano materials on mechanical properties of high strength concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 80, 116–124 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.075
Bakharev, T., Sanjayan, J.G., Cheng, Y.-B.: Effect of elevated temperature curing on properties of alkali-activated slag concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 29(10), 1619–1625 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00143-X
Behfarnia, K., Rostami, M.: An assessment on parameters affecting the carbonation of alkali-activated slag concrete. J. Clean. Prod. 157, 1–9 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.097
BIS: 8112. Specification for 43 grade ordinary Portland cement. Bureau of Indian Standards New Delhi India (2013)
Çelikten, S., Sarıdemir, M., Özgür Deneme, İ: Mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated slag and slag + fly ash mortars exposed to high temperature. Constr. Build. Mater. 217, 50–61 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.055
Chu, H., Zhang, Y., Wang, F., Feng, T., Wang, L., Wang, D.: Effect of graphene oxide on mechanical properties and durability of ultra-high-performance concrete prepared from recycled sand. Nanomaterials 10(9), 1718 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091718
Devi, S.C., Khan, R.A.: Effect of graphene oxide on mechanical and durability performance of concrete. J. Build. Eng. 27, 101007 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101007
Gu, Y., Fang, Y., You, D., Gong, Y., Zhu, C.: Properties and microstructure of alkali-activated slag cement cured at below- and about-normal temperature. Constr. Build. Mater. 79, 1–8 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.068
Imbabi, M.S., Carrigan, C., McKenna, S.: Trends and developments in green cement and concrete technology. Int. J. Sustain. Built Environ. 1(2), 194–216 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2013.05.001
Lu, L., Ouyang, D.: Properties of cement mortar and ultra-high strength concrete incorporating graphene oxide nanosheets. Nanomaterials 7(7), 187 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7070187
Lu, Z., Chen, B., Leung, C.Y., Li, Z., Sun, G.: Aggregation size effect of graphene oxide on its reinforcing efficiency to cement-based materials. Cem. Concr. Compos. 100, 85–91 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.04.005
Maher El-Tair, A., Bakheet, R., El-Feky, M.S., Kohail, M., Serag, M.I.: Improving the microstructure and the strength of alkali activated slag mortar under ambient temperature. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res. 9(6), 1092–1099 (2020)
Naqi, A., Jang, J.G.: Recent progress in green cement technology utilizing low-carbon emission fuels and raw materials: a review. Sustainability 11(2), 537 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020537
Peng, H., Ge, Y., Cai, C.S., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z.: Mechanical properties and microstructure of graphene oxide cement-based composites. Constr. Build. Mater. 194, 102–109 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.234
Provis, J.L.: Alkali-activated materials. Cem. Concr. Res. 114, 40–48 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.02.009
Ramagiri, K.K., Kar, A.: Effect of high-temperature on the microstructure of alkali-activated binder. Mater. Today Proc. 28, 1123–1129 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.093
RovnanÃk, P., Bayer, P., RovnanÃková, P.: Characterization of alkali activated slag paste after exposure to high temperatures. Constr. Build. Mater. 47, 1479–1487 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.070
Samadi, M., Shah, K.W., Huseien, G.F., Lim, N.H.A.S.: Influence of glass silica waste nano powder on the mechanical and microstructure properties of alkali-activated mortars. Nanomaterials 10(2), 324 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020324
Shi, Z., Shi, C., Wan, S., Ou, Z.: Effect of alkali dosage on alkali-silica reaction in sodium hydroxide activated slag mortars. Constr. Build. Mater. 143, 16–23 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.125
Shi, Z., Shi, C., Zhao, R., Wan, S.: Comparison of alkali–silica reactions in alkali-activated slag and Portland cement mortars. Mater. Struct. 48(3), 743–751 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0535-4
Srinivas, D., Chitirala, H., Srinivasarao, C.H., Adak, D.: A study on partial and full replacement of fine aggregate in high-performance concrete with granulated blast furnace slag. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 989, 012013 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/989/1/012013
Tran, T.T., Kang, H., Kwon, H.-M.: Effect of heat curing method on the mechanical strength of alkali-activated slag mortar after high-temperature exposure. Mater. (Basel) 12(11), 1789 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12111789
Zhang, T., Gao, P., Gao, P., Wei, J., Yu, Q.: Effectiveness of novel and traditional methods to incorporate industrial wastes in cementitious materials - an overview. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 74, 134–143 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.03.003
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Adak, D., Srinivas, D., Ramagiri, K.K., Kar, A., Dutta, S. (2022). Effect of Graphene Oxide on Strength and Durability of Activated Slag Mortar. In: Fonseca de Oliveira Correia, J.A., Choudhury, S., Dutta, S. (eds) Advances in Structural Mechanics and Applications. ASMA 2021. Structural Integrity, vol 19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98335-2_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98335-2_36
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-98334-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-98335-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)