Skip to main content

Motor and Developmental Interventions for Prader-Willi Syndrome

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Management of Prader-Willi Syndrome
  • 516 Accesses

Abstract

From birth through adulthood, persons affected with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are subject to neuromuscular and sensory deficits that affect gross and fine motor development, and present lifelong skeletal, postural, gait, and movement health and activity challenges. Age-appropriate physical therapy intervention can remediate and often prevent obstacles to function and independence. This chapter provides an in-depth examination of the neuromuscular and concomitant developmental concerns resulting from PWS across the life span and highlights the role of physical therapy interventions for these concerns.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. American Physical Therapy Association. APTA Mission statement. Alexandria: American Physical Therapy Association; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Fermin-Gutierrez MA, Mendez MD. Prader-Willi syndrome [Updated 2020 Oct 1]. In: Stat Pearls [Internet]. Treasure Island: Stat Pearls Publishing; 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nig.gov/books/NBK553161.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Vismara L. Clinical implications of gait analysis in the rehabilitation of adult patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2007;4:14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Festen DA, Wevers M, Lindgren AC, Böhm B, Otten BJ, Wit JM, et al. Mental and motor development before and during growth hormone treatment in infants and toddlers with Prader-Willi syndrome. Clin Endocrinol. 2008;68(6):919–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Reus L, van Vlimmeren LA, BartStall J, Otten BJ, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG. The effect of growth hormone treatment or physical training on motor performance in Prader-Willi syndrome: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012;36(8):1817–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Reus L, Pelzer BJ, Otten BJ, Siemensma EPC, van Alfen-van der Velden JAEM, Festen AMD, et al. Growth hormone combined with child-specific motor training improves motor development in infants with Prader-Willi syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Res Dev Disabil. 2013;34(10):3092–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.05.043. Epub 2013 Jul 22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Luo Y, Zheng Z, Yang Y, Bai X, Uang H, Zhu H, Pan H, Chen S. Effects of growth hormone on cognitive, motor, and behavioral development in Prader-Willi syndrome children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Endocrine. 2021;71(2):321–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02547-3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Myers SE, Whitman BY, Carrel AL, Moerchen V, Bekx MT, Allen DB. Two years of growth hormone therapy in young children with Prader-Willi syndrome: physical and neurodevelopmental benefits. Am J Med Genet A. 2007;143:443–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Corripio R, Tubau C, Calvo L, et al. Safety and effectiveness of growth hormone therapy in infants with Prader-Willi syndrome younger than 2 years: a prospective study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2019;32(8):879–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Driscoll DJ, Miller JL, Schwartz S, Cassidy SB. Prader-Willi syndrome. 1998 Oct 6 [Updated 2017 Dec 14]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon II RA, editors. GeneReviews [Internet]. Seattle: University of Washington; 1993–2020. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.books/.

  11. Salvatoni A. Anthropometric characteristics of newborns with Prader-Willi syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2019;179(10):2067–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.61304. Epub 2019 July 30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Einspieler C, Prechtl HFR. Prechtl’s assessment of general movements: a diagnostic tool for the functional assessment of the young nervous system. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2005;11(1):61–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/MRDD.20051.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Knobloch H, Stevens F, Malone A. Manual of developmental diagnosis: the administration and interpretation of the revised Gesell and Armtruda developmental neurological examination. Hagerstown: Harper & Row; 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Folio MR, Fewell RR. Peabody developmental motor scales. 2nd ed. Austin: Pro-Ed; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Wenger DR, Rang M. The art and practice of children’s orthopaedics. New York: Raven Press, Ltd.; 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Angulo MA. Prader-Willi syndrome: a guide for families and professionals. Prader-Willi Perspect. 2001;4:1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Agarwal JM. Horseback riding for all ages. The Gathered View, Newsletter of the Prader-Willi Syndrome Association (USA). 2003;28(3):8–9.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Butler MG, Meaney FJ. An anthropometric study of 38 individuals with Prader- Labhart-Willi syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 1987;26:445–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Carrel A, Myers S, Whitman BY, Allen DB. Growth hormone improves body composition, fat utilization, physical strength and agility, and growth in Prader-Willi syndrome: a controlled study. J Pediatr. 1999;134:215–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ayres AJ. Sensory integration and the child. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services; 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Cimolin V, Galli M, Vismara L, Grugni G, Camerota F, Celletti C, et al. Gait pattern in two rare genetic conditions characterized by muscular hypotonia: Ehlers–Danlos and Prader–Willi syndrome. Rsh Dev Disabil. 2011;32:1722–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Cimolin V, Galli M, Grugni G, Vismara L, Albertini G, Rigoldi C, et al. Gait patterns in Prader-Willi and down syndrome patients. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2010;7:28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Vismara L. Effectiveness of a 6 month home-based training program in Prader-Willi patients. Res Dev Disabil. 2010;31(6):1373–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.07.001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bordelon RL. Hypermobile flatfoot in children. Comprehension, evaluation and treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1983;181:7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Beverly Cusick. Six keys to managing lower extremity deformity in children and adults with CNS dysfunction, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  26. McConnell J. The advanced McConnell Patellofemoral treatment plan [course manual, June 1995]. Sammanish: The McConnell Institute; 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Campbell SK. Physical therapy for children. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Holm VA, Laurnen EL. Prader-Willi syndrome and scoliosis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1981;23:192–201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Van Bosse HJP, Butler M. Clinical observations and treatment approaches for scoliosis in Prader-Willi syndrome. Genes (Basel). 2020;11:260. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11030260.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Bruininks RH. Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency. Circle Pines: American Guidance Service, Inc.; 1978.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Toni Goelz .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Goelz, T. (2022). Motor and Developmental Interventions for Prader-Willi Syndrome. In: Butler, M.G., Lee, P.D.K., Whitman, B.Y. (eds) Management of Prader-Willi Syndrome. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98171-6_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98171-6_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-98170-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-98171-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics