Abstract
Smart grid networks offer two-way communication between the smart meters and the utility service providers (USPs). This enables the USPs to analyze real-time data emanating from the consumers and offer dynamic adjustments to the power generation and transmission. However, the periodical transmission of consumption reports from the smart meters towards the USPs over public channels exposes the exchanged messages to attacks such as eavesdropping, modification and bogus injections. Consequently, the power adjustments executed may not be occasioned by consumer requirements but by malicious entities within the smart grid network. To curb this, numerous schemes have been presented in literature. However, majority of these protocols are either susceptible to attacks or are inefficient. In this paper, a dynamic ephemeral and session key generation protocol is presented. The security analysis shows that if offers entity anonymity, mutual authentication, forward key secrecy and untraceability. In addition, it is shown to be resilient against typical smart grid attacks such as offline password guessing, denial of service (DoS), packet replays, privileged insider, man-in-the-middle (MitM), impersonation and physical capture. In terms of performance, it has the least execution times and bandwidth requirements among other related protocols.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mollah, M.B., et al.: Blockchain for future smart grid: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Internet Things J. 8(1), 18–43 (2020)
Nyangaresi, V.O., Mohammad, Z.: Privacy preservation protocol for smart grid networks. In: 2021 International Telecommunications Conference (ITC-Egypt), pp. 1–4, IEEE (2021)
Mahmood, K., et al.: Pairing based anonymous and secure key agreement protocol for smart grid edge computing infrastructure. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. 88, 491–500 (2018)
Kumar, P., Gurtov, A., Sain, M., Martin, A., Ha, P.: Lightweight authentication and key agreement for smart metering in smart energy networks. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 10, 4349–4359 (2018)
Nyangaresi, V.O., Alsamhi, S.H.: Towards secure traffic signaling in smart grids. In: 2021 3rd Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM), pp. 196–201 (2021)
Sureshkumar, V., Anandhi, S., Amin, R., Selvarajan, N., Madhumathi, R.: Design of robust mutual authentication and key establishment security protocol for cloud-enabled smart grid communication. IEEE Syst. J. 15(3), 3565–3572 (2020)
Wang, W., Huang, H., Zhang, L., Su, C.: Secure and efficient mutual authentication protocol for smart grid under blockchain. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 14(5), 2681–2693 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-020-01020-2
Saxena, N., Choi, B.J.: Integrated distributed authentication protocol for smart grid communications. IEEE Syst. J. 12(3), 2545–2556 (2018)
Nyangaresi, V.O. Ogundoyin, S.O.: Certificate based authentication scheme for smart homes. In: 2021 3rd Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM), pp. 202–207 (2021)
Nyangaresi, V.O.: ECC based authentication scheme for smart homes. In: 2021 International Symposium ELMAR, pp. 5–10. IEEE (2021)
Liu, S., et al.: Model-free data authentication for cyber security in power systems. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 11(5), 4565–4568 (2020)
Nyangaresi, V.O., Rodrigues, A.J., Abeka, S.O.: Efficient group authentication protocol for secure 5g enabled vehicular communications. In: 2020 16th International Computer Engineering Conference (ICENCO), pp. 25–30. IEEE (2020)
Chaudhry, S.A., Alhakami, H., Baz, A., Al-Turjman, F.: Securing demand response management: a certificate-based access control in smart grid edge computing infrastructure. IEEE Access 8, 101235–101243 (2020)
Guan, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhu, L., Wu, L., Yu, S.: Effect: an efficient flexible privacy-preserving data aggregation scheme with authentication in smart grid. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 62(3), 32103 (2019)
Gupta, R., Tanwar, S., Al-Turjman, F., Italiya, P., Nauman, A., Kim, S.W.: Smart contract privacy protection using AI in cyber-physical systems: tools, techniques and challenges. IEEE Access 8, 24746–24772 (2020)
Ghosal, A., Conti, M.: Key management systems for smart grid advanced metering infrastructure: a survey. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 21(3), 2831–2848 (2019)
Saxena, N., Choi, B.J., Lu, R.: Authentication and authorization scheme for various user roles and devices in smart grid. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 11(5), 907–921 (2016)
Nyangaresi, V.O.: Lightweight key agreement and authentication protocol for smart homes. In: 2021 IEEE AFRICON, pp. IEEE (2021)
Braeken, A., Kumar, P., Martin, A.: Efficient and provably secure key agreement for modern smart metering communications. Energies 11(10), 26–62 (2018)
Ghani, A., Mansoor, K., Mehmood, S., Chaudhry, S.A., Rahman, A.U., Najmus Saqib, M.: Security and key management in IoT-based wireless sensor networks: an authentication protocol using symmetric key. Int. J. Commun. Syst. 32(16), e4139 (2019)
Nicanfar, H., Jokar, P., Beznosov, K., Leung, V.: Efficient authentication and key management mechanisms for smart grid communications. IEEE Syst. J. 8(2), 629–640 (2014)
Saxena, N., Choi, B.J.: State of the art authentication, access control, and secure integration in smart grid. Energies 8(10), 11883–11915 (2015)
Mohammadali, A., Haghighi, M., Tadayon, M., Nodooshan, A.: A novel identity-based key establishment method for advanced metering infrastructure in smart grid. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 9(4), 2834–2842 (2018)
Li, X., Wu, F., Kumari, S., Xu, L., Sangaiah, A.K., Choo, K.K.R.: A provably secure and anonymous message authentication scheme for smart grids. J. Parallel. Distrib. Comput. 132, 242–249 (2019)
Wu, L., Wang, J., Zeadally, S., He, D.: Anonymous and efficient message authentication scheme for smart grid. Secur. Commun. Netw. 2019, 1–13 (2019)
Tsai, J., Lo, N.: Secure anonymous key distribution scheme for smart grid. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 7(2), 906–914 (2016)
Nyangaresi, V.O., Rodrigues, A.J., Taha, N.K.: Mutual authentication protocol for secure vanet data exchanges. In: Perakovic, D., Knapcikova, L. (eds.) FABULOUS 2021. LNICSSITE, vol. 382, pp. 58–76. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78459-1_5
Garg, S., Kaur, K., Kaddoum, G., Rodrigues, J.J.P.C., Guizani, M.: Secure and lightweight authentication scheme for smart metering infrastructure in smart grid. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inf. 16(5), 3548–3557 (2019)
Wang, J., Wu, L., Choo, K.K.R., He, D.: Blockchain-based anonymous authentication with key management for smart grid edge computing infrastructure. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inf. 16(3), 1984–1992 (2019)
Nyangaresi, V.O., Rodrigues, A.J., Abeka, S.O.: Neuro-fuzzy based handover authentication protocol for Ultra Dense 5G networks. In: 2020 2nd Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM), pp. 339–344. IEEE (2020)
Odelu, V., Kumar Das, A., Wazid, M., Conti, M.: Provably secure authenticated key agreement scheme for smart grid. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 9(3), 1900–1910 (2018)
Mahmood, K., Chaudhry, S.A., Naqvi, H., Shon, T., Ahmad, H.F.: A lightweight message authentication scheme for smart grid communications in power sector. Comput. Electr. Eng. 52, 114–124 (2016)
Nyangaresi, V.O.: Hardware assisted protocol for attacks prevention in ad hoc networks. In: Miraz, M.H., Southall, G., Ali, M., Ware, A., Soomro, S. (eds.) iCETiC 2021. LNICSSITE, vol. 395, pp. 3–20. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90016-8_1
Chen, Y., MartÃnez, J., Castillejo, P., López, L.: An anonymous authentication and key establish scheme for smart grid: FAuth. Energies 10(9), 1–23 (2017)
Mahmood, K., Chaudhry, S.A., Naqvi, H., Kumari, S., Li, X., Sangaiah, A.K.: An elliptic curve cryptography based lightweight authentication scheme for smart grid communication. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. 81, 557–565 (2018)
Abbasinezhad-Mood, D., Nikooghadam, M.: Design and hardware implementation of a security-enhanced elliptic curve cryptography based lightweight authentication scheme for smart grid communications. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. 84, 47–57 (2018)
Liang, X.-C., Wu, T.-Y., Lee, Y.-Q., Chen, C.-M., Yeh, J.-H.: Cryptanalysis of a pairing-based anonymous key agreement scheme for smart grid. In: Pan, J.-S., Li, J., Tsai, P.-W., Jain, L.C. (eds.) Advances in Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing. SIST, vol. 156, pp. 125–131. Springer, Singapore (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9714-1_14
He, D., Chan, S.C., Zhang, Y., Guizani, M., Chen, C., Bu, J.: An enhanced public key infrastructure to secure smart grid wireless communication networks. Netw. IEEE 28(1), 10–16 (2014)
Challa, S., et al.: Design and analysis of authenticated key agreement scheme in cloud-assisted cyber-physical systems. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. 108, 1267–1286 (2018)
Chaudhry, S.A., Shon, T., Al-Turjman, F., Alsharif, M.H.: Correcting design flaws: an improved and cloud assisted key agreement scheme in cyber physical systems. Comput. Commun. 153, 527–537 (2020)
Chim, T.W., Yiu, S.M., Li, V.K., Hui, L.K., Zhong, J.: PRGA: Privacy-preserving recording & gateway-assisted authentication of power usage information for smart grid. IEEE Trans. Dependable Secure Comput. 12(1), 85–97 (2015)
Kumar, N., Aujla, G.S., Das, A.K., Conti, M.: Eccauth: a secure authentication protocol for demand response management in a smart grid system. In: IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform.15, 6572–6582 (2019)
Mahmood, K., Arshad, J., Chaudhry, S.A., Kumari, S.: An enhanced anonymous identity-based key agreement protocol for smart grid advanced metering infrastructure. Int. J. Commun. Syst. 32(16), e4137 (2019)
He, D., Wang, H., Khurram Khan, M., Wang, L.: Lightweight anonymous key distribution scheme for smart grid using elliptic curve cryptography. IET Commun. 10(14), 1795–1802 (2016)
Zhang, L., Zhao, L., Yin, S., Chi, C.H., Liu, R., Zhang, Y.: A lightweight authentication scheme with privacy protection for smart grid communications. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. 100, 770–778 (2019)
Wazid, M., Das, A.K., Bhat, V., Vasilakos, A.V.: LAM-CIoT: lightweight authentication mechanism in cloud-based IoT environment. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 150, 102496 (2020)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Nyangaresi, V.O., Abduljabbar, Z.A., Al Sibahee, M.A., Abood, E.W., Abduljaleel, I.Q. (2022). Dynamic Ephemeral and Session Key Generation Protocol for Next Generation Smart Grids. In: Bao, W., Yuan, X., Gao, L., Luan, T.H., Choi, D.B.J. (eds) Ad Hoc Networks and Tools for IT. ADHOCNETS TridentCom 2021 2021. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 428. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98005-4_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98005-4_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-98004-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-98005-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)