Abstract
Similarly to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), [1] coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a significant burden of cardiovascular (CV) complications ranging from isolated myocardial injury (elevation of cardiac troponin [cTn]) to acute heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, venous and pulmonary thromboembolism, arterial thrombotic events, acute coronary syndromes, myocarditis, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest [2, 3].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Badawi A, Ryoo SG. Prevalence of comorbidities in the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2016;49:129–33.
Clerkin KJ, Fried JA, Raikhelkar J, et al. COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2020;141(20):1648–55.
Pellicori P, Doolub G, Wong CM, et al. COVID-19 and its cardiovascular effects: a systematic review of prevalence studies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;3(3):CD013879.
The European Society for Cardiology. ESC Guidance for the Diagnosis and Management of CV Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://www.escardio.org/Education/COVID-19-and-Cardiology/ESC-COVID-19-Guidance.
Giustino G, Croft LB, Stefanini GG, et al. Characterization of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(18):2043–55.
Parohan M, Yaghoubi S, Seraji A. Cardiac injury is associated with severe outcome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2020;9(6):665–77.
Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, et al. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(7):802–10.
Lombardi CM, Carubelli V, Iorio A, et al. Association of troponin levels with mortality in Italian patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019: results of a multicenter study. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(11):1274–80.
Lai CC, Sung MI, Ho CH, et al. The prognostic value of N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Sci Rep. 2017;7:44784.
Mitaka C, Hirata Y, Nagura T, et al. Increased plasma concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide in patients with acute lung injury. J Crit Care. 1997;12:66–71.
Sorrentino S, Cacia M, Leo I, et al. B-type natriuretic peptide as biomarker of COVID-19 disease severity—a meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2020;9(9):2957.
Gao L, Jiang D, Wen XS, et al. Prognostic value of NT-proBNP in patients with severe COVID-19. Respir Res. 2020;21(1):83.
Halaby R, Popma CJ, Cohen A, et al. d-Dimer elevation and adverse outcomes. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2015;39(1):55–9.
Rostami M, Mansouritorghabeh H. d-Dimer level in COVID-19 infection: a systematic review. Expert Rev Hematol. 2020;13(11):1265–75.
Zhou F, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395:1054–62.
Taylor FB Jr, et al. Towards definition, clinical and laboratory criteria, and a scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb Haemost. 2001;86:1327–30.
Bertini M, Ferrari R, Guardigli G, et al. Electrocardiographic features of 431 consecutive, critically ill COVID-19 patients: an insight into the mechanisms of cardiac involvement. Europace. 2020;22(12):1848–54.
Haseeb S, Gul EE, Çinier G, et al. Value of electrocardiography in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Electrocardiol. 2020;62:39–45.
Poterucha TJ, Elias P, Jain SS, et al. Admission cardiac diagnostic testing with electrocardiography and troponin measurement prognosticates increased 30-day mortality in COVID-19. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(1):e018476.
Elias P, Poterucha TJ, Jain SS, et al. The prognostic value of electrocardiogram at presentation to emergency department in patients with COVID-19. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95(10):2099–109.
Bhatla A, Mayer MM, Adusumalli S, et al. COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm. 2020;17(9):1439–44.
Skulstad H, Cosyns B, Popescu BA, et al. COVID-19 pandemic and cardiac imaging: EACVI recommendations on precautions, indications, prioritization, and protection for patients and healthcare personnel. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;21(6):592–8.
Kirkpatrick JN, Mitchell C, Taub C, Kort S, Hung J, Swaminathan M. ASE statement on protection of patients and echocardiography service providers during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak: endorsed by the American College of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020;33(6):648–53.
Szekely Y, Lichter Y, Taieb P, et al. Spectrum of cardiac manifestations in COVID-19: a systematic echocardiographic study. Circulation. 2020;142(4):342–53.
Li Y, Li H, Li M, et al. The prevalence, risk factors and outcome of cardiac dysfunction in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(11):2096–8.
Gilad V, De Marzo V, Guglielmi G, et al. Cardiac point-of-care ultrasound in hospitalized coronavirus disease-2019 patients: findings and association with outcome. J Cardiovasc Med. 2021;23(1):e3–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gil Ad, V., Merlo, A.C. (2022). Biomarkers, Electrocardiography, and Echocardiography. In: Battaglini, D., Pelosi, P. (eds) COVID-19 Critical and Intensive Care Medicine Essentials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94992-1_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94992-1_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-94991-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-94992-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)