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Normal Gastrointestinal Tract Physiology

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Nutrition, Weight, and Digestive Health

Abstract

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays important roles in body homeostasis including regulating the transit of ingested food through the GI tract with efficient digestion and absorption of essential nutrients. Ingested food goes through series of steps through the GI tract including mastication (oral cavity), deglutition (pharynx and esophagus), mixing and digestion (stomach), further digestion and absorption (intestines), and finally storage and defecation (colon). Each organ has a unique structure, movement pattern, and secretion/absorption characteristics well suited to its task. The enteric nervous system, such as the “gut brain,” plays an important role in generating and harmonizing these activities both directly and through various neural and hormonal reflexes. The intestinal tract has a number of endocrine and paracrine activities which regulate various bodily functions inside and outside the GI tract. The gut wall is an important barrier against external pathogens allowing a healthy and essential interaction with the microorganisms that reside inside it (microbiota), a role that has a delicate balance between health and disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gastroenterology Section, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Dariush Shahsavari & Henry P. Parkman

  2. GI Motility Fellow, Gastroenterology Section, Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Dariush Shahsavari

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  1. Dariush Shahsavari
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  2. Henry P. Parkman
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Correspondence to Dariush Shahsavari .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Gastroenterology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Carolyn Newberry

  2. Gastroenterology, Obesity Medicine Nutrition and Bariatric Endoscopist Gut Theory Total Digestive Care, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA

    Janese Laster

  3. GI Nutrition, Celiac Disease and Obesity Program, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Octavia Pickett-Blakely

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Shahsavari, D., Parkman, H.P. (2022). Normal Gastrointestinal Tract Physiology. In: Newberry, C., Laster, J., Pickett-Blakely, O. (eds) Nutrition, Weight, and Digestive Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94953-2_1

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