Long-Term Sequalae of COVID-19 Infection

Abstract

Since COVID-19, or SARS-CoV-2, infection was initially identified in late 2019, healthcare professionals have researched and studied the disease process. The focus of medical care and treatment of COVID-19 has been on the acute phase of the illness, although we have learned that symptoms can persist for four or more weeks after being infected with the virus. Several terms have been coined to describe this syndrome, such as “Long-COVID”, “Chronic COVID Syndrome”, “Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome,” or “Persistent Post-COVID Syndrome (PPCS)”. Patients experiencing the symptoms that persist may be called “Long-Haulers.” In this patient population, symptoms persist which inhibit their normal activities of daily living and greatly affect their quality of life. Also, we must consider those patients who have recovered from severe COVID, and who deal with the long-term effects of hospitalization as well as effects on all organ systems. As we strive to gain a better understanding of these symptoms, we as nurses must be able to recognize these long-term sequalae and be aware of the impacts on quality of life and mortality. Specialized aftercare and rehabilitation are needed to assist patients who have “recovered” from the illness.