Abstract
Central venous access devices are often required in neonates, particularly in preterm babies or in newborns who are candidate to intensive care procedures, surgery, or parenteral nutrition. A venous access device is ‘central’ when its tip is located in the superior vena cava (SVC) or in the right atrium (RA) or in the inferior vena cava (IVC). According to the terminology adopted by the WoCoVA Foundation (WoCoVA = World Congress on Vascular Access), central venous access devices in neonates should be classified as follows:In this chapter, we will discuss the indications, technique of insertion and complications of epicutaneo-cava catheters (ECC) (Fig. 11.1). These central venous access devices have been often called ‘PICC’ (peripherally inserted central catheters). Though this term is correct, it may yield confusion, since PICC is also the term commonly used for indicating central catheters inserted by ultrasound-guided puncture and cannulation of the deep veins of the arm in children and adults. ECCs and PICCs are completely different central devices: ECCs are small bore catheters (1–2.7Fr), made of silicone or old generation polyurethane, inserted via superficial veins of the limbs or scalp using direct vein visualization. PICCs are larger catheters (3Fr and more), made of new generation polyurethane, usually power-injectable, inserted into the deep veins of the arm (brachial, basilic, axillary) using ultrasound guidance.
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D’Andrea, V., Prontera, G., Rubortone, S., Pittiruti, M. (2022). Epicutaneo-Cava Catheters. In: Biasucci, D.G., Disma, N.M., Pittiruti, M. (eds) Vascular Access in Neonates and Children. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94709-5_11
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