Skip to main content

Some Insight into Designing a Visual Graph-Shaped Frontend for Keras and AutoKeras, to Foster Deep Learning Mass Adoption

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Digital Era and Fuzzy Applications in Management and Economy (XX SIGEF 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems ((LNNS,volume 384))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 259 Accesses

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to provide some insight into designing a visual graph-shaped frontend for Keras and AutoKeras, two flagship deep learning software platforms. We also placed this particular endeavor in the larger context of deep learning mass adoption, which is just happening in many application fields, pointing out what challenges it is facing. There are several underlying conditions for going on quickly: automating the end-to-end machine learning pipeline, continuing the advances in GPU technology for supporting computing speed-up and parallelization, using tensor-enabled and GPU compatible mathematical libraries, and designing versatile GUIs capable of visually representing the network configuration in shape of a directed acyclic graph. All these blocks must be hierarchically stacked. Designing a Graph-Shaped frontend for deep learning platforms is the last, but equally essential brick to this construction and finally was the motivation behind this paper. Tensor-enabled libraries such as TensorFlow and the recent Nvidia GPU technology are the foundation layer. Keras successfully attempted to simplify the access to TensorFlow, while AutoKeras adds the automation support on top of Keras. Our proposed frontend, called Visual Keras&Autokeras, is attempting to visually emulate all the APIs related to Keras Functional model and AutoKeras AutoModel, in a codeless environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. AutoKeras web site. https://autokeras.com/. Last accessed 28 May 2021

  2. Haifeng, J., Qingquan, S., Xia, H.: Auto-Keras: An Efficient Neural Architecture Search System, arXiv:1806.10282 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Keras web site. https://keras.io/. Last accessed 28 May 2021

  4. Google’s TensorFlow web site. https://www.TensorFlow.org/. Last accessed 28 May 2021

  5. Elman, J.L.: Finding structure in time. Cogn. Sci. 14(2), 179–211 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Jordan, M.I.: Serial order: a parallel distributed processing approach. In: Neural-Network Models of Cognition – Biobehavioral Foundations. Advances in Psychology. Neural-Network Models of Cognition, vol. 121, pp. 471–495 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Williams, R.J., Hinton, G.E., Rumelhart, D.E.: Learning representations by back-propagating errors. Nature 323(6088), 533–536 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hochreiter, S., Schmidhuber, J.: Long short-term memory. Neural Comput. 9(8), 1735–1780 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Cho, K., et al.: Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder-Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation, arXiv:1406.1078 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  10. LeCun, Y., et al.: Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition. AT&T Bell Laboratories (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hubel, D.H., Wiesel, T.N.: Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex. J. Physiol. 195(1), 215–243 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. Commun. ACM 60(6), 84–90 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  13. LeCun, Y., Bottou, L., Bengio, Y., Haffner, P.: Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. Proc. IEEE 86(11), 2278–2324 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., Courville. A.: Deep Learning, MIT Press (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Zhang, W.: Shift-invariant pattern recognition neural network and its optical architecture. In: Proceedings of Annual Conference of the Japan Society of Applied Physics (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Srivastava, N., Hinton, C.G., Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Salakhutdinov, R.: Dropout: a simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 15(1), 1929–1958 (2014)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Hinton, G.E., Osindero, S., Teh, Y.W.: A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets. Neural Comput. 18(7), 1527–1554 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Ciresan, D., Meier, U., Gambardella, L., Schmidhuber, J.: Deep big simple neural nets for handwritten digit recognition. Neural Comput. 22(12), 3207–3220 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Google’s Cloud AutoML web site. https://cloud.google.com/automl. Last accessed 28 May 2021

  20. Google’s Cloud AutoML docs web site. https://cloud.google.com/automl/docs. Last accessed 28 May 2021

  21. TechCrunch web site. https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/17/googles-automl-lets-you-train-custom-machine-learning-models-without-having-to-code/. Last accessed 28 May 2021

  22. Elsken, T., Metzen, J.H., Hutter, F.: Neural architecture search: a survey. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 20(55), 1–21 (2019)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Křupala P.: Node Editor web site. https://pypi.org/project/nodeeditor/#description. Last accessed 28 May 2021

  24. Keras Functional API web site. https://keras.io/guides/functional_api/. Last accessed 28 May 2021

  25. AutoKeras AutoModel API web site. https://autokeras.com/tutorial/customized/. Last accessed 28 May 2021

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vasile Georgescu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Georgescu, V., Gîfu, IA. (2022). Some Insight into Designing a Visual Graph-Shaped Frontend for Keras and AutoKeras, to Foster Deep Learning Mass Adoption. In: Rodríguez García, M.d.P., Cortez Alejandro, K.A., Merigó, J.M., Terceño-Gómez, A., Sorrosal Forradellas, M.T., Kacprzyk, J. (eds) Digital Era and Fuzzy Applications in Management and Economy. XX SIGEF 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 384. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94485-8_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics