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Epigenetics and Vascular Disease

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Epigenetic Epidemiology

Abstract

The mechanisms responsible for vascular disease development have been investigated for many decades, but we are far from a complete identification of all involved molecular processes. This still remains a major unmet need and despite significant improvements in diagnosis, prevention, and early intervention, cardiovascular pathologies are still the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Epigenetics guides gene expression through the regulation of transcription independently of the genetic code. Those regulatory mechanisms are essential to numerous processes, such as cell growth, development, and differentiation, and they might depend on environmental adaptation, aging, and disease states. The current knowledge on the epigenetic mechanisms regulating vascular physiopathology has uncovered new potential targets for intervention. Herein, we provide an overview of the epigenetic landscape and its role in vascular diseases, highlighting the impact of DNA methylation and histone modification as well as non-coding RNA mechanisms.

Ignacio Fernando Hall, Montserrat Climent, Floriana Maria Farina have been equally contribute to this work.

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Abbreviations

5mC:

5-methyl-Cytosine

5-aza:

5-azacytidine

3’UTR:

3′-Untranslated region

circRNA:

Circular RNA

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DNMT:

DNA methyltransferase

EC:

Endothelial cell

EndMT:

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

lncRNA:

Long ncRNA

miRNA, miR:

microRNA

MRE:

miRNA Recognition Element

nt:

Nucleotides

ORF:

Open reading frame

PAH:

Pulmonary artery hypertension

pre-miRNA:

Precursor miRNA

pri-miRNA:

Primary miRNA

PVOD:

Venous-occlusive disease

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

TSS:

Transcription start site

VSMC:

Vascular smooth muscle cell

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by grants from the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement (No. 828984), the Italian Ministry of Health (No. GR-2016-02364133), and Italian Ministry of Research (No. 2017HTKLRF) to L.E.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS, Rozzano, MI, Italy

    Ignacio Fernando Hall, Montserrat Climent, Floriana Maria Farina & Leonardo Elia

  2. Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

    Leonardo Elia

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  1. Ignacio Fernando Hall
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  2. Montserrat Climent
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  3. Floriana Maria Farina
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  4. Leonardo Elia
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Correspondence to Leonardo Elia .

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  1. Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, USA

    Karin B. Michels

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Hall, I.F., Climent, M., Farina, F.M., Elia, L. (2022). Epigenetics and Vascular Disease. In: Michels, K.B. (eds) Epigenetic Epidemiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94475-9_20

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