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Ethnic Minorities in Poland in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Threats, Stigma and Forms of (In)visibility

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COVID-19 and a World of Ad Hoc Geographies

Abstract

This paper presents the results of multidisciplinary research assessing the impact of COVID-19 on two ethnic minorities living in Poland. While the pandemic affects minority groups in a number of ways, the most obvious threat to the continuity of already endangered languages is the disappearance of the most crucial agents of their transgenerational transmission: the oldest generations of speakers. Ethnic minorities and migrant groups suffer from a COVID-19 stigma: they are blamed and rejected due to accusations of posing a health risk to majority groups. In this paper we report and discuss the results of quantitative and qualitative research among Kashubs and Silesians. Both groups have suffered from a lack of official recognition, as well as ethnic discrimination, marginalization and the ongoing reduction of transmission of their languages. Problematic centralized health policies and decisions taken by the government contributed to the fact that the largest outbreak of COVID-19 in Poland took place in Silesia. As a result, Silesians, an ethnic minority that remains unrecognized by the Polish state, have become additionally stigmatized during the pandemic. In our quantitative online survey, we assess the psychological impact of the pandemic, its effects on minority language use, perceived threats and COVID-19-related behaviors among Kashubs and Silesians. To provide the broader context of this marginalization, we also discuss the results of a complementary analysis of media content and discourse associated with the impact of the pandemic on these ethnic minorities, as well as state policy and attitudes (of the state and general public) of the dominant group toward the Silesians before and during the course of the present health crisis.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been developed within the project “Language as a cure: linguistic vitality as a tool for psychological well-being, health and economic sustainability” that is carried out within the Team programme of the Foundation for Polish Science co-financed by the European Union under the European Regional Development Fund. We are grateful to Tomasz Wicherkiewicz, Katarzyna Lubiewska and Michał Bilewicz for his insightful comments and to Ellen Foote for the stylistic revision of this text. The following team members and collaborators contributed to the results and data collection: Macéj Bańdur, Gregory Haimovich, Artúr Jablonskji, Tymoteusz Król (Tiöma fum Dökter), Tetyana Lewińska, Justyna Majerska-Sznajder (Jüśja fum Biöetuł), Anna Maślana, Maria Mirucka, Marcin Musiał, Rafał Rzepka, Magdalena Skrodzka, Bartłůmjej Wanot, Michał Wypych.

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Correspondence to Bartłomiej Chromik .

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Chromik, B., Maryniak, J., Olko, J. (2022). Ethnic Minorities in Poland in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Threats, Stigma and Forms of (In)visibility. In: Brunn, S.D., Gilbreath, D. (eds) COVID-19 and a World of Ad Hoc Geographies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94350-9_64

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94350-9_64

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-94349-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-94350-9

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