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Sex-Specific Effects on Exercise Metabolism

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Exercise Metabolism

Part of the book series: Physiology in Health and Disease ((PIHD))

Abstract

Women and men exhibit different anthropometric and physiologic characteristics, along with a sex-specific morphologic and metabolic imprint of skeletal muscle. These sex differences integrate to impact on metabolism during exercise. Men have a greater maximal exercise capacity than equally trained women. Besides this, a remarkable sex difference is a greater fatty acid oxidation in women than men at the same relative exercise intensity. The greater fatty acid oxidation may lead to less amino acid oxidation during exercise and potentially muscle glycogen sparing in women compared with men. Several sex-specific morphologic and molecular features of skeletal muscle appear to explain the differences in substrate utilization during exercise in women and men. Here, factors such as muscle fiber type composition, capillarization, and substrate availability within skeletal muscle will be discussed in a sex-comparative manner. The influence of sex on mitochondria—specifically, the energy generating pathways as beta-oxidation and glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, and electron transport chain capacities—will also be reviewed.

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  1. The Lipid Research Group, August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Anne-Marie Lundsgaard, Andreas M. Fritzen & Bente Kiens

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  1. Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
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  2. Andreas M. Fritzen
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  1. Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Glenn McConell

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Lundsgaard, AM., Fritzen, A.M., Kiens, B. (2022). Sex-Specific Effects on Exercise Metabolism. In: McConell, G. (eds) Exercise Metabolism. Physiology in Health and Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9_15

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