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Systematic Steps on How to Write a Scientific Paper on Hypospadias

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Hypospadias Surgery

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Abstract

Randomized controlled trials are uncommon in hypospadias surgery due to ethical and logistical reasons. Most publications on hypospadias are observational studies and are liable to selection or recall bias. The “Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology” (STROBE) statement helps to improve the quality of reporting and evidence-based conclusions. This checklist includes a description of methodological items and instructions on how to use them to properly report observational studies.

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Abbreviations

CB:

Caudal block

DC:

Decisional conflict

DCS:

Decisional conflict score

DPB:

Dorsal penile block

GD:

Glans dehiscence

PICOT:

Population/intervention/comparative intervention/outcome/time horizon

PTS:

Preoperative testosterone stimulation

RCTs:

Randomized controlled trials

SoF:

Summary of findings

TIP:

Tubularized incised plate

UCF:

Urethrocutaneous fistula

UP:

Urethral plate

VC:

Ventral curvature

References

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  2. Braga LH, Lorenzo AJ, Bagli DJ, Pippi Salle JL, Caldamone A. Application of the STROBE statement to the hypospadias literature: report of the international pediatric urology task force on hypospadias. J Pediatr Urol. 2016; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.05.048.

  3. Borawski KM, Norris RD, Fesperman SF, Vieweg J, Preminger GM, Dahm P. Levels of evidence in the urological literature. J Urol. 2007; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2007.05.150.

  4. Moher D, Altman DG, Schulz KF, Elbourne DR. Opportunities and challenges for improving the quality of reporting clinical research: CONSORT and beyond. CMAJ. 2004; https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1040031.

  5. Tseng TY, Dahm P, Poolman RW, Preminger GM, Canales BJ, Montori VM. How to use a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Urol. 2008; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2008.06.046.

  6. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet. 2007; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61602-X.

  7. Braga LHP, Pippi Salle JL, Lorenzo AJ, Skeldon S, Dave S, Farhat WA, Khoury AE, Bagli DJ. Comparative analysis of tubularized incised plate versus onlay island flap urethroplasty for penoscrotal hypospadias. J Urol. 2007; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2007.05.170.

  8. Braga LH, Jegatheeswaran K, McGrath M, Easterbrook B, Rickard M, DeMaria J, Lorenzo AJ. Cause and effect versus confounding—is there a true association between caudal blocks and tubularized incised plate repair complications? J Urol. 2017; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.08.110.

  9. Lorenzo AJ, Braga LHP, Zlateska B, Leslie B, Farhat WA, Bägli DJ, Pippi Salle JL. Analysis of decisional conflict among parents who consent to hypospadias repair: single institution prospective study of 100 couples. J Urol. 2012; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.04.022.

  10. Braga LHP, Pippi Salle JL, Dave S, Bagli DJ, Lorenzo AJ, Khoury AE. Outcome analysis of severe chordee correction using tunica vaginalis as a flap in boys with proximal hypospadias. J Urol. 2007; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2007.03.166.

  11. Braga LH, Lorenzo AJ, Suoub M, Bägli DJ. Is statistical significance sufficient? Importance of interaction and confounding in hypospadias analysis. J Urol. 2010; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.08.035.

  12. El-Hout Y, Braga LHP, Pippi Salle JL, Moore K, Bägli DJ, Lorenzo AJ. Assessment of urethral plate appearance through digital photography: do pediatric urologists agree in their visual impressions of the urethral plate in children with hypospadias? J Pediatr Urol. 2010; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2009.09.003.

  13. Weber BA, Braga LHP, Patel P, Pippi Salle JL, Bägli DJ, Khoury AE, Lorenzo AJ. Impact of penile degloving and proximal ventral dissection on curvature correction in children with proximal hypospadias. J Can Urol Assoc. 2014; https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.2337.

  14. Braga LHP, Lorenzo AJ, Salle JLP. Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal hypospadias: a literature review. Indian J Urol. 2008; https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-1591.40619.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

    Luis H. Braga

Authors
  1. Luis H. Braga
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Correspondence to Luis H. Braga .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hypospadias Center and Pediatric Surgery Department, Sana Klinikum Offenbach, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Offenbach, Frankfurt, Germany

    Ahmed T. Hadidi

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Braga, L.H. (2022). Systematic Steps on How to Write a Scientific Paper on Hypospadias. In: Hadidi, A.T. (eds) Hypospadias Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94248-9_69

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94248-9_69

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-94247-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-94248-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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