Skip to main content

General Principles

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Hypospadias Surgery
  • 1271 Accesses

Abstract

Although hypospadias is a very common anomaly, most parents are unaware of it until they have a son or relative with hypospadias. The first consultation is very important to orientate the parents with hypospadias, its different grades, chordee, possible risks, ideal time of surgery, and possible complications. Examination should identify the grade of hypospadias and chordee and exclude associated anomalies and disorders of sexual development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

BP:

Buried penis

CEDU:

Chordee excision and distal urethroplasty

DR:

Decision regret

DSD:

Disorders of sex development

DYG:

Double Y glanuloplasty

hCG:

Human chorionic gonadotropin

LABO:

Lateral based onlay flap

MCGU:

Meatus-chordee-glans width and shape-urethral plate quality

SLAM:

Slit-like adjusted mathieu

References

  1. Bronshtein M, Riechler A, Zimmer EZ. Prenatal sonographic signs of possible fetal genital anomalies. Prenat Diagn. 1995; https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.1970150303.

  2. Mandell J, Bromley B, Peters CA, Benacerraf BR. Prenatal sonographic detection of genital malformations. J Urol. 1995; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)67389-0.

  3. Velásquez-Urzola A, Léger J, Aigrain Y, Czernichow P. Hypoplasie de la verge: diagnostic étiologique et résultat du traitement par testosterone retard. Arch Pédiatrie. 1998;5:844–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Koff SA, Jayanthi VR. Preoperative treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin in infancy decreases the severity of proximal hypospadias and chordee. J Urol. 1999; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)68333-4.

  5. Husmann DA. Editorial: microphallic hypospadias - the use of human chorionic gonadotropin and testosterone before surgical repair. J Urol. 1999; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)68334-6.

  6. Sakakibara N, Nonomura K, Koyanagi T, Imanaka K. Use of testosterone ointment before hypospadias repair. Urol Int. 1991; https://doi.org/10.1159/000282182.

  7. Davits RJAM, Van den Aker ESS, Scholtmeijer RJ, Keizer-Schrama SMPFDM, Nijman RJM. Effect of parenteral testosterone therapy on penile development in boys with hypospadias. Br J Urol. 1993; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1993.tb16031.x.

  8. Rehfuss A, Kogan B. Psychological health and pediatric urology: the missing chapter in our surgical atlas. J Urol. 2017; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.07.046.

  9. Chan KH, Panoch J, Carroll A, Wiehe S, Downs S, Cain MP, Frankel R. Parental perspectives on decision-making about hypospadias surgery. J Pediatr Urol. 2019; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.04.017.

  10. Stacey D, Légaré F, Lewis K, et al. Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001431.pub5.

  11. Chan KH, Misseri R, Carroll A, Frankel R, Moore CM, Cockrum B, Wiehe SE. User-centered development of a hypospadias decision aid prototype. J Pediatr Urol. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.07.047.

  12. Chan KH, Misseri R, Carroll A, Frankel RM, Moore C, Cockrum B, Wiehe S. User testing of a hypospadias decision aid prototype at a pediatric medical conference. J Pediatr Urol. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.08.006.

  13. Ciancio F, Lo RG, Innocenti A, Portincasa A, Parisi D, Mondaini N. Penile length is a very important factor for cosmesis, function and psychosexual development in patients affected by hypospadias: results from a long-term longitudinal cohort study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2015; https://doi.org/10.1177/0394632015576857.

  14. Sullivan KJ, Hunter Z, Andrioli V, Guerra L, Leonard M, Klassen A, Keays MA. Assessing quality of life of patients with hypospadias: a systematic review of validated patient-reported outcome instruments. J Pediatr Urol. 2017; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.11.010.

  15. Lorenzo AJ, Pippi Salle JL, Zlateska B, Koyle MA, Bägli DJ, Braga LHP. Decisional regret after distal hypospadias repair: single institution prospective analysis of factors associated with subsequent parental remorse or distress. J Urol. 2014; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.10.036.

  16. Ghidini F, Sekulovic S, Castagnetti M. Parental decisional regret after primary distal hypospadias repair: family and surgery variables, and repair outcomes. J Urol. 2016; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.10.118.

  17. Bethell GS, Chhabra S, Shalaby MS, et al. Parental decisional satisfaction after hypospadias repair in the United Kingdom. J Pediatr Urol. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.01.005.

  18. Vavilov S, Smith G, Starkey M, Pockney P, Deshpande AV. Parental decision regret in childhood hypospadias surgery: a systematic review. J Paediatr Child Health. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.15075.

  19. Moore CCM. The role of routine radiographic screening of boys with hypospadias: a prospective study. J Pediatr Surg. 1990; https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3468(90)90082-K.

  20. Kelly D, Harte FB, Roe P. Urinary tract anomalies in patients with hypospadias. Br J Urol. 1984; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1984.tb05395.x.

  21. Cerasaro TS, Brock WA, Kaplan GW. Upper urinary tract anomalies associated with congenital hypospadias: is screening necessary? J Urol. 1986; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)45729-6.

  22. Davenport M, MacKinnon AE. The value of ultrasound screening of the upper urinary tract in hypospadias. Br J Urol. 1988; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1988.tb04434.x.

  23. Ikoma F, Shima H, Yabumoto H, Mori Y. Surgical treatment for enlarged prostatic utricle and vagina Masculina in patients with hypospadias. Br J Urol. 1986; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1986.tb09097.x.

  24. Desautel MG, Stock J, Hanna MK. Mullerian duct remnants: surgical management and fertility issues. J Urol. 1999; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)68050-9.

  25. Kaefer M, Diamond D, Hendren WH, Vemulapalli S, Bauer SB, Peters CA, Atala A, Retik AB. The incidence of intersexuality in children with cryptorchidism and hypospadias: stratification based on gonadal palpability and meatal position. J Urol. 1999; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)68048-0.

  26. Weidner IS, Møller H, Jensen TK, SkakkebÆk NE. Risk factors for cryptorchidism and hypospadias. J Urol. 1999; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)68992-6.

  27. Akre O, Lipworth L, Cnattingius S, Sparén P, Ekbom A. Risk factor patterns for cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Epidemiology. 1999; https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199907000-00005.

  28. McAleer IM, Kaplan GW. Is routine karyotyping necessary in the evaluation of hypospadias and cryptorchidism? J Urol. 2001; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(05)66287-8.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hadidi, A.T. (2022). General Principles. In: Hadidi, A.T. (eds) Hypospadias Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94248-9_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94248-9_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-94247-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-94248-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics