Abstract
Distillery wastewater (spent wash) is one of the highly polluted wastewater generated from alcohol distilleries. In India, there are around 319 distilleries, producing about 40 thousand million litres of wastewater annually (Pant and Adholeya, 2007). Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Climate Change (MOEF & CC) has categorised alcohol distilleries among the top positions in the “Red Category Industry” list (Tewari et al., 2007). A huge amount of high strength wastewater is generated by this industry every day as a spent wash, spent lees and fermenter sludge. Approximately 8-15 L of the spent wash is generated for every 1 L of alcohol produced by a conventional distillery industry (Sankaran et al., 2014). Distillery wastewater is recalcitrant in nature having a dark brown colour with high organic (biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand) and inorganic (sulphates, potassium, phosphates, and nitrogen) load (Sankaran and Premlatha, 2018). Melanoidins present in the distillery wastewater imparts a brown colour to this wastewater and are formed due to Maillard amino carbonyl condensation reaction. Due to the antioxidant properties of melanoidins, these compounds are typically not degraded by micro-organisms present in the wastewater treatment process and are also toxic to those micro-organisms. This resistant nature of melanoidins makes a clear route for their entrance into the environment even after various stages of treatments (Singh et al., 2018). When such a high strength untreated or partially treated distillery wastewater enters into the environment, it leads to serious environmental threats such as eutrophication of water bodies and loss of soil fertility (Chowdhary et al., 2018).
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Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank Environmental Science and Engineering Department, IIT (ISM) Dhanbad, India for facilitating necessary technical and financial support for the present research work. The authors also acknowledge the CIFC, IIT (BHU) and CRF, IIT (ISM) Dhanbad for accessing their instrument facilities.
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Kumari, S., Yadav, K., Jagadevan, S. (2022). Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery via Struvite Precipitation from High Strength Industrial Wastewater. In: Haq, I., Kalamdhad, A.S., Dash, S. (eds) Environmental Degradation: Monitoring, Assessment and Treatment Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94148-2_6
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