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Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Clinical Epidemiology and Presenting Manifestations

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Essentials of Sleep Medicine

Part of the book series: Respiratory Medicine ((RM))

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Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is found at all stages of life, in all races, and with all shapes and sizes of people, and can rise to the level of a disorder (OSAHS). Early detection of it improves waketime sleepiness and inattention, quality of life, and a reduction in medical costs. The questions being addressed are how OSA conditions affect morbidity and interact with chronic medical conditions. OSA is a complex disease in which no one feature or genetic set point or biological marker alone sets it apart as a diagnosis. Risk factors and complaints are not causal. It is sleep that precipitates disordered breathing, and added to it are the tendency for the upper airway to close, ventilatory instability with sleep and its stages, and the degree of upper airway muscle activation in sleep or in response to upper airway closure. Besides summarizing the population prevalence of OSA, the chapter examines presentations and recognition of OSA in pathways for several non-sleep outpatient and inpatient populations and considers whether ascertainment or preventative measures to manage OSA might be helpful. The chapter will introduce the epidemiologic data in each setting rather than review all datasets in a disorder in which OSA may contribute to its pathophysiology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Eric Yeh, Nishant Chaudhary & Kingman P. Strohl

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  1. Eric Yeh
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  2. Nishant Chaudhary
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  3. Kingman P. Strohl
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Correspondence to Kingman P. Strohl .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine Wayne State University School of Medicine, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA

    M. Safwan Badr

  2. Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Jennifer L. Martin

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Yeh, E., Chaudhary, N., Strohl, K.P. (2022). Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Clinical Epidemiology and Presenting Manifestations. In: Badr, M.S., Martin, J.L. (eds) Essentials of Sleep Medicine. Respiratory Medicine. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93739-3_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93739-3_5

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