Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Essentials of Sleep Medicine

Part of the book series: Respiratory Medicine ((RM))

  • 1106 Accesses

Abstract

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common symptom that is part of many different medical, neurologic, psychiatric, and sleep disorders. The terms “excessive daytime sleepiness” and “hypersomnia” are often used interchangeably; however, the term “hypersomnia” should be reserved to refer to a group of disorders in which the primary complaint is excessive sleepiness. Two of these disorders, narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia, are considered to be hypersomnias of central origin and will be discussed here.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Nevsimalova S. Narcolepsy in childhood. Sleep Med Rev. 2009;13(2):169–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Roth B. Narcolepsy and hypersomnia. Basel: Karger; 1980. p. 66–77.

    Google Scholar 

  3. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders. 3rd ed. Darien: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Krahn LE, Lymp JF, Moore WR, Slocumb N, Silber MH. Characterizing the emotions that trigger cataplexy. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2005;17:45–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Overeem S, Mignot E, van Dijk JG, et al. Narcolepsy: clinical features, new pathological insights, and future perspectives. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2001;18:78–105.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Barateau L, Pizza F, Lopez R, et al. Persistence of deep-tendon reflexes during partial cataplexy. Sleep Med. 2018;45:80–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Serra L, Montagna P, Mignot E, et al. Cataplexy features in childhood narcolepsy. Mov Disord. 2008;23(6):858–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Plazzi G, Clawges HM, Owens J. Clinical characteristics and burden of illness in pediatric patients with narcolepsy. Pediatr Neurol. 2018;85:21–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Vernet C, Arnulf I. Idiopathic hypersomnia with and without long sleep time: a controlled series of 75 patients. Sleep. 2009;32:753–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Guilleminault C, Fromherz S. Narcolepsy: diagnosis and management. In: Kryger MH, Roth TA, Dement WC, editors. Principles and practice of sleep medicine. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2005. p. 780.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Bassetti C, Aldrich MS. Idiopathic hypersomnia: a series of 42 patients. Brain. 1997;120(8):1423–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sforza E, Roche F, Barthelemy JC, et al. Diurnal and nocturnal cardiovascular variability and heart rate arousal response in idiopathic hypersomnia. Sleep Med. 2016;24:131–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Mayer G, Kesper K, Peter H, Ploch T, Leinweber T, et al. Comorbidity in narcoleptic patients. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2002;127(38):1942–6. German.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kryger MH, Walid R, Manfreda J. Diagnoses received by narcolepsy patients in the year prior to diagnosis by a sleep specialist. Sleep. 2002;25(1):36–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ohayon MM, Ferini-Strambi L, Plazzi G, et al. Frequency of narcolepsy symptoms and other sleep disorders in narcoleptic patients and their first-degree relatives. J Sleep Res. 2005;14(4):437–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ohayon MM, Ferini-Strambi L, Plazzi G, et al. How age influences the expression of narcolepsy. J Psychosom Res. 2005;59(6):399–405.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Mignot E. Genetic and familial aspects of narcolepsy. Neurology. 1998;50(2 Suppl 1):S16–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Mignot E, Lin L, Rogers W, et al. Complex HLA-DR and -DQ interactions confer risk of narcolepsy-cataplexy in three ethnic groups. Am J Hum Genet. 2001;68:686–99.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Silber MH, Krahn LE, Olson EJ, et al. The epidemiology of narcolepsy in Olmsted County, Minnesota: a population-based study. Sleep. 2002;25(2):197–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Vignatelli L, d’Alessandro R, Mosconi P, et al. Health-related quality of life in Italian patients with narcolepsy: the SF-36 health survey. Sleep Med. 2004;5:467–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Heier MS, Evsiukova T, Vilming S, et al. CSF hypocretin-1 levels and clinical profiles in narcolepsy and idiopathic CNS hypersomnia in Norway. Sleep. 2007;30:969–73.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Dauvilliers Y, Paquereau J, Bastuji H, et al. Psychological health in central hypersomnias: the French Harmony Study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009;80:636–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Billiard M, Dauvilliers Y. Idiopathic hypersomnia. Sleep Med Rev. 2001;5(5):349–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Aldrich MS. The clinical spectrum of narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. Neurology. 1996;46:393–401.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Anderson KN, Pilsworth S, Sharples LD, et al. Idiopathic hypersomnia: a study of 77 cases. Sleep. 2007;30:1274–81.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Billiard M, Merle C, Carlander B, et al. Idiopathic hypersomnia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1998;52(2):125–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Nishino S, Ripley B, Overeem S, et al. Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency in human narcolepsy. Lancet. 2000;355:39–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Zeitzer JM, Nishino S, Mignot E. The neurobiology of hypocretins (orexins), narcolepsy and related therapeutic interventions. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2006;27(7):368–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Barateau L, Lopez R, Dauvilliers Y. Clinical neurophysiology of CNS hypersomnias. Handb Clin Neurol. 2019;161:353–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Thannickal TC, Moore RY, Niehus R, et al. Reduced number of hypocretin neurons in human narcolepsy. Neuron. 2000;27:469–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Mignot E, Lammers GJ, Ripley B, et al. The role of cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin measurement in the diagnosis of narcolepsy and other hypersomnias. Arch Neurol. 2002;59:1553–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Thannickal TC, Nienhuis R, Siegel JM. Localized loss of hypocretin (orexin) cells in narcolepsy without cataplexy. Sleep. 2009;32(8):993–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Scammell TE. The frustrating and mostly fruitless search for an autoimmune cause of narcolepsy. Sleep. 2006;29(5):601–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Black JL III. Narcolepsy: a review of evidence for autoimmune diathesis. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2005;17(6):461–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Dauvilliers Y, Tafti M. Molecular genetics and treatment of narcolepsy. Ann Med. 2006;38(4):252–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Tanaka S, Honda Y, Inoue Y, et al. Detection of autoantibodies against hypocretin, hcrtrl, and hcrtr2 in narcolepsy: anti-Hcrt system antibody in narcolepsy. Sleep. 2006;29(5):633–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Lippert J, Young P, Gross C, et al. Specific T-celll activation in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid in central disorders of hypersomnolence. Sleep. 2019;1:42(2).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Dye TJ, Gurbani N, Simakajornboon N. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of childhood narcolepsy. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2018;25:14–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Halberg P, Smedje H, Eriksson N, et al. Pandemrix-induced narcolepsy is associated with genes related to immunity and neuronal survival. EBioMedicine. 2019;40:595–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Aran A, Lin L, Nevsimalova S, et al. Elevated anti-streptococcal antibodies in patients with recent narcolepsy onset. Sleep. 2009;32(8):979–83.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Picchioni D, Hope CR, Harsh JR. A case-control study of the environmental risk factors for narcolepsy. Neuroepidemiology. 2007;29(3–4):185–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Castriotta RJ, Wilde MC, Lai JM, et al. Prevalence and consequences of sleep disorders in traumatic brain injury. J Clin Sleep Med. 2007;3(4):349–56.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Mori I. The olfactory bulb: A link between environmental agents and narcolepsy,from the standpoint of autoimmune etiology. Med Hypothesis. 2019;131:109294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Mori I. The olfactory bulb: a link between environmental agents and narcolepsy. Med Hypothesis. 2019;126:66–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Longstreth WT Jr, Ton TG, Koepsell TD. Narcolepsy and streptococcal infections. Sleep. 2009;32(12):1548.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Hallmayer J, Faraco J, Lin L, et al. Narcolepsy is strongly associated with the T-cell receptor alpha locus. Nat Genet. 2009;41:708–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Cvetkovic V, Bayer L, Dorsaz S, et al. Tribbles homolog 2 as an autoantigen in human narcolepsy. J Clin Invest. 2010;120:713–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Tanaka S, Honda Y, Honda M, et al. Anti-Tribbles Pseudokinase 2 (TRIB2)-immunization modulates hypocretin/orexin neuronal functions. Sleep. 2017;40(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsw036.

  49. Dauvilliers Y, Baumann CR, Carlander B, et al. CSF hypocretin-1 levels in narcolepsy, Kleine-Levin syndrome, and other hypersomnias and neurological conditions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74:1667–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Montplaisir J, de Champlain J, Young SN, et al. Narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia: biogenic amines and related compounds in CSF. Neurology. 1982;32:1299–302.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Faull KF, Guilleminault C, Berger PA, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in narcolepsy and hypersomnia. Ann Neurol. 1983;13:258–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Faull KF, Thiemann S, King RJ, et al. Monoamine interactions in narcolepsy and hypersomnia: a preliminary report. Sleep. 1986;9:246–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Bassetti CL, Khatami R, Poryazova R, et al. Idiopathic hypersomnia: a dopaminergic disorder. Sleep. 2009;32:A248–9.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Arnulf I, Leu-Semenescu S, Dodet P. Precision medicine for idiopathic hypersomnia. Sleep Med Clin. 2019;14(3):333–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Nishino S, Sakurai E, Nevsimalova S, et al. Decreased CSF histamine in narcolepsy with and without low CSF hypocretin-1 in comparison to healthy controls. Sleep. 2009;32:175–80.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Kanbayashi T, Kodama T, Kondo H, et al. CSF histamine contents in narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep. 2009;32:181–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Dauvilliers Y, Delallee N, Jaussent I, et al. Normal cerebrospinal fluid histamine and tele-methylhistamine levels in hypersomnia conditions. Sleep. 2012;35:1359–66.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Rack M, Davis J, Roffwarg HP, et al. The multiple sleep latency test in the diagnosis of narcolepsy. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(11):2198–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Ferri R, Franceschini C, Zucconi M, et al. Sleep polygraphic study of children and adolescents with narcolepsy/cataplexy. Dev Neuropsychol. 2009;34(5):523–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Carskadon MA. The second decade. In: Guilleminault C, editor. Sleeping and waking disorders: indications and techniques. Menlo Park: Addison-Wesley; 1982. p. 99–125.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Pizza F, Barateau L, Jaussent I, et al. Validation of multiple sleep latency test for the diagnosis of pediatric narcolepsy type 1. Neurology. 2019;93(11):e1034–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Mayer G, Lammers GJ. The MSLT: more objections than benefits as a diagnostic gold standard? Sleep. 2014;37:1027–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Baumann CR. Bassetti CI Hypocretin (orexins) and sleep-wakedisorders. Lancet Neurol. 2005;10:673–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Sakai N, Matsumura M, Lin L, et al. HLPC analysis of CSF hypocretin-1 in type 1 and 2 narcolepsy. Sci Rep. 2019;9:477.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Basseti CL, Adamantidis A, Burdakov D, et al. Narcolepsy - clinical spectrum, aetiopathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Neurol. 2019;15(9):519–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Stephansen JB, Olesen AN, Olsen M, et al. Neural network analysis of sleep stages enables efficient diagnosis of narcolepsy. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):5229.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Bin-Hasan S, Videnovic A, Maski K. Nocturnal REM sleep without atonia is a diagnostic biomarker of pediatric narcolepsy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14(2):245–52.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Murer T, Imbach LL, Hackius M, et al. OptimizingMSLT specificity in narcolepsy with cataplexy. Sleep. 2017;1:40(12).

    Google Scholar 

  69. Chritensen JAE, Kempfner L, Leonthin HL, et al. Novel method for evaluation ofeye movements in patients with narcolepsy. Sleep Med. 2017;33:171–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Aslan S, Erbil N, Tezer FI. Heart rate variability during nocturnal sleep and daytime naps in patients with narcolepsy type 1 and type 2. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2019;36(2):104–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Sieminski M, Chwojnicki K, Sarkanen T, et al. The relationship between orexin levels and blood pressure changes in patients with narcolepsy. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0185975.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Hong SB. Neuroimaging of narcolepsy and Kleine-Levin syndrome. Sleep Med Clin. 2017;12(3):359–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Black J, Reaven NL, Funk SE. Medical comorbidity in narcolepsy: findings from the burden of narcolepsy disease (BOND) study. Sleep Med. 2017;33:13–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Ruoff CM, Reaven NL, Funk SE. High rates of psychiatric comorbidity in narcolepsy: findings from the burden of narcolepsy Dise ofase (BOND) study of 9312 patients in the United States. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78(2):171–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Maestri M, Monzani F, Bonanni E, et al. Insulinoma presenting as idiopathic hypersomnia. Neurol Sci. 2010;31(3):349–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Shinno H, Inami Y, Inagaki T, et al. Successful treatment with levothyroxine for idiopathic hypersomnia patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009;31(2):190–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Masel BE, Scheibel RS, Kimbark T, et al. Excessive daytime sleepiness in adults with brain injuries. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82(11):1526–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Dl P, Ponsford JL, Rajaratnam SM, et al. Self reported changes to nighttime sleep after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(2):278–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Baumann CR, Werth E, Stocker R, et al. Sleep-wake disturbances 6 months after traumatic brain injury: a prospective study. Brain. 2007;130(Pt 7):1873–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Baumann CR, Bassetti CL, Valko PO, et al. Loss of hypocretin (orexin) neurons with traumatic brain injury. Ann Neurol. 2009;66(4):555–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  81. Black J, Guilleminault C. Medications for the treatment of narcolepsy. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2001;6(2):239–47.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Didato G, Nobili L. Treatment of narcolepsy. Expert Rev Neurother. 2009;9(6):897–910.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Mitler MM, Hayduk R. Benefits and risks of pharmacotherapy for narcolepsy. Drug Saf. 2002;25:791–809.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Harsh JR, Hayduk R, Rosenberg R, et al. The efficacy and safety of armodafinil as treatment for adults with excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22(4):761–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Dinges DF, Arora S, Darwish M, et al. Pharmacodynamic effects on alertness of single doses of armodafinil in healthy subjects during a nocturnal period of acute sleep loss. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22(1):159–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. U.S. Xyrem® International Study Group. A double blind placebo controlled study demonstrates sodium oxybate is effective for the treatment of excessive sleepiness in narcolepsy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2005;1(4):391–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. U.S. Xyrem® Multicenter Study Group. Sodium oxybate demonstrates long-term efficacy for the treatment of cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy. Sleep Med. 2004;5:119–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Xyrem® Product Information, Orphan Medical, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Li S, Yang J. Pitolisant for treating patients with narcolepsy. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2020;13(2):79–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Dauvilliers Y, Arnulf I, Szakacs Z, et al. Long-term Use of Pitolisant to Treat Patients with Narcolepsy: Harmony III Study. Sleep. 2019;42(11):zsz174.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  91. Thorpy MJ, Shapiro C, Mayer G, et al. A randomized study of solriamfetol for excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. Ann Neurol. 2019;85(3):359–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  92. Abad VC. Guilleminault. New developments in the management of narcolepsy. Nat Sci Sleep. 2017;9:39–57.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Morgenthaler TI, Kapur VK, Brown T, et al. Practice parameters for the treatment of narcolepsy and other hypersomnias of central origin. Sleep. 2007;30(12):1705–11.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  94. Guilleminault C, Raynal D, Takahashi S, et al. Evaluation of short-term and long-term treatment of the narcolepsy syndrome with clomipramine hydrochloride. Acta Neurol Scand. 1976;54:71–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Houghton WC, Scammell TE, Thorpy M. Pharmacotherapy for cataplexy. Sleep Med Rev. 2004;8:355–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Martinez-Rodriguez J, Iranzo A, Santamaria J, et al. Status cataplecticus induced by abrupt withdrawal of clomipramine. Neurologia. 2002;17:113–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Frey J, Darbonne C. Fluoxetine suppresses human cataplexy: a pilot study. Neurology. 1994;44:707–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Ruppert E, Zagalaa H, Chambe J, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy administered early after narcolepsy type 1 onset in three patients evaluated by clinical and polysomnographic follow-up. Behav Neurol. 2018;2018:1671–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Thorpy MJ, Snyder M, Aloe FS, et al. Short-term triazolam use improves nocturnal sleep of narcoleptics. Sleep. 1992;15(3):212–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Morse AM, Kelly-Pieper K, Kothare SV. Management of excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy with baclofen. Pediatr Neurol. 2019;93:39–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Montefiore Medical Center, and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

    Imran Ahmed & Michael Thorpy

Authors
  1. Imran Ahmed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael Thorpy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Imran Ahmed .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine Wayne State University School of Medicine, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA

    M. Safwan Badr

  2. Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Jennifer L. Martin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Ahmed, I., Thorpy, M. (2022). Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia. In: Badr, M.S., Martin, J.L. (eds) Essentials of Sleep Medicine. Respiratory Medicine. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93739-3_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93739-3_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-93738-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-93739-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation