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Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders

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Essentials of Sleep Medicine

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Abstract

Circadian rhythms are endogenous self-sustaining oscillations with a period of approximately 24 hours that impart daily rhythms to physiology and behavior. The circadian clock entrains to the 24-hour day-night cycle through environmental time cues such as light exposure and internal time cues such as melatonin secretion. Circadian rhythmicity is a significant determinant of sleep/wake timing, and disruption to the system and its ability to synchronize to the environment can manifest in circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWDs). The resulting sleep disturbances and circadian misalignment negatively impact quality of life, can interfere with occupational and social obligations, adversely impact mental health, and increase the risk of chronic disease. Due to the rarity of CRSWDs in the general population, patients are commonly misdiagnosed or experience a long delay before being correctly diagnosed. Circadian disorders are also difficult to diagnose as there is often overlap with psychiatric or other comorbid conditions. This chapter aims to provide practical and useful information regarding the CRSWDs to improve diagnosis and management of these disorders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Medical Scholars Program, Champaign, IL, USA

    Mia Y. Bothwell

  2. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Chicago, IL, USA

    Sabra M. Abbott

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    M. Safwan Badr

  2. Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Jennifer L. Martin

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Bothwell, M.Y., Abbott, S.M. (2022). Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders. In: Badr, M.S., Martin, J.L. (eds) Essentials of Sleep Medicine. Respiratory Medicine. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93739-3_14

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