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Wildlife Movements and Landscape Connectivity in the Tarangire Ecosystem

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Tarangire: Human-Wildlife Coexistence in a Fragmented Ecosystem

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 243))

Abstract

A fundamental condition for maintaining viable populations of wildlife is to ensure that animals can access resources. In landscapes where the boundaries of protected areas encompass only a fraction of annual home ranges, animal movement is often curtailed by human activities, often with negative population consequences. In the Tarangire Ecosystem (TE), wildlife generally aggregates in three main protected areas during the dry season (Tarangire and Lake Manyara National Parks, and Manyara Ranch Conservancy) and disperses to several other areas during the wet season. Connectivity between and within seasonal ranges in the ecosystem has generally become more restricted over time, though the apparent effects of these changes have been species-specific. Historical accounts of wildlife movement suggest that animals once moved over much larger areas than they do currently. In this chapter, we review historical information on wildlife movement and distributions in the TE and synthesize data on population genetic structure and individual movements from studies of elephants, giraffes, lions and wildebeests conducted over the past 25 years. Given the continued expansion of agricultural and urban areas, there is a need to coordinate efforts across land management agencies and local governments to ensure that wildlife can continue to move across the landscape.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Kwakuchinja corridor refers to an area that provides a link between Tarangire NP and Lake Manyara NP through Burunge WMA. Many researchers have used this term loosely to refer to any wildlife corridor connecting Tarangire and Lake Manyara NP (Goldman 2009). Corridors that connect Tarangire and Manyara Ranch are referred to as Makuyuni, Mswakini Chini and Mswakini Juu (Kissui 2008; Kikoti 2009).

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Tanzania Commission of Science and Technology (COSTECH), Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), Tanzania National Park Authority (TANAPA), Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority, and Manyara Ranch Conservancy for providing permission to conduct this research. Elephant genetic studies were supported by the Wildlife Conservation Society, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences at Pennsylvania State University. Elephant collars were funded by USAID with support from Riccardo Tosi. Funding for the giraffe genetic studies was provided by Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences at Pennsylvania State University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

    George G. Lohay

  2. Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, Museum of Wildlife and Fish Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA

    Jason Riggio

  3. Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), Arusha, Tanzania

    Alex L. Lobora

  4. Center for Wildlife Management Studies, The School for Field Studies, Karatu, Tanzania

    Bernard M. Kissui

  5. Tarangire Lion Research Initiative, Arusha, Tanzania

    Bernard M. Kissui

  6. Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

    Thomas A. Morrison

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Correspondence to George G. Lohay .

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  1. Center for Wildlife Management Studies, The School for Field Studies, Karatu, Tanzania

    Christian Kiffner

  2. Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Monica L. Bond

  3. Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA

    Derek E. Lee

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Lohay, G.G., Riggio, J., Lobora, A.L., Kissui, B.M., Morrison, T.A. (2022). Wildlife Movements and Landscape Connectivity in the Tarangire Ecosystem. In: Kiffner, C., Bond, M.L., Lee, D.E. (eds) Tarangire: Human-Wildlife Coexistence in a Fragmented Ecosystem. Ecological Studies, vol 243. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93604-4_12

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