Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Seaports

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Women in Infrastructure

Part of the book series: Women in Engineering and Science ((WES))

  • 422 Accesses

Abstract

Seaports are part of the global transportation system that moves goods and people around the world. A port is the node that connects the maritime link in the global logistic chain to inland transportation systems. Ports can be described by the types of cargo handled and governance structure. Port development is driven by technological changes in maritime transportation, including the ever-increasing size of oceangoing vessels and the impact of those changes on the physical infrastructure at seaports. Responding to those development pressures, ports have undertaken activities to improve water quality and protect the natural resources within their jurisdictions. More recently, the focus of port environmental strategies centers on reducing emissions of primary pollutants and addressing the long-term impacts of global climate change. Advanced technology is being used to monitor the performance of our marine transportation system (MTS) to make better decisions about investment and operations and the variety of mechanisms that are available for funding port improvements. Four key factors will shape the progress of our seaports and their role in the marine transportation system in the future: cleaner technologies, resilience to disruption, energy supply, and information flow.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Adland R., Jia H, Strandenes SP (2017) Are AIS-based trade volume estimates reliable? The case of crude oil exports. Maritime Policy & Management 44(5):657–665.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) (2019) Port Planning and Investment Toolkit. U.S. Department of Transportation and Maritime Administration and AAPA [DTMA-91-H-2013-0004]. https://aapa.cms-plus.com/files/PDFs/Toolkit/Final%20toolkit.pdf. Acceessed 19 Apr 2021

  3. Andersson P, Ivehammar P (2017) Green approaches at sea – The benefits of adjusting speed instead of anchoring. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 51:240–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Brooks, Mary R. (2011), Seaports, Intermodal Transportation: Moving Freight in a Global Economy, Chapter 9 in L. Hoel, G. Giuliano, and M. Meyer (eds), Washington: Eno Transportation Foundation, Inc, 270-301.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Brooks M., & Faust P (2018) 50 Years of Review of Maritime Transport, 1968-2018: Reflecting on the Past, Exploring the Future (No. UNCTAD/DTL/2018/1).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Brooks, M. and Knatz, G. (2021) Seaports. In: Vickerman, Roger (eds.) International Encyclopedia of Transportation. vol. 3, pp. 299-304. UK: Elsevier Ltd.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Brooks, M. and Pallis A. (2011) Port governance. In W. T. Talley (Ed.) Maritime Economics- A Blackwell Companion (pp. 491-516). Blackwell Publishing, Ltd., Oxford, GB.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) (2021) Port Performance Freight Statistics in 2019: Annual Report to Congress 2020. U.S. Department of Transportation. Washington, DC. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/54022. Accessed 18 Apr 2021.

  9. Dong Yang, Lingxiao Wu, Shuaian Wang, Haiying Jia & Kevin X. Li (2019a): How big data enriches maritime research – a critical review of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data applications, Transport Reviews, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2019.1649315

  10. Congressional Research Service (2020) Distribution of Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund Expenditures. In Focus. Washington, DC. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11645. Accessed 19 Apr 2021

  11. Eguíluz, V. M., Fernández-Gracia J, Irigoien X et al. (2016) A quantitative assessment of Arctic shipping in 2010-2014. Scientific Reports, 6:30682.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Emmerson C, Stevens P (2012) Maritime choke points and the global energy system. Charting a Way Forward, Chatham House Briefing Paper, London, 4.

    Google Scholar 

  13. European Seaport Organization (2020) ESPO Environmental Report 2020, Accessed May 21, 2021. https://www.espo.be/publications/espo-environmental-report-2020Environmental.Report

  14. Farhadi N, Parr S, Mitchell K et al. (2016) Use of nationwide automatic identification system data to quantify resiliency of marine transportation systems. Transportation Research Rec-ord: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2549: 9–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ge J, Zhu M, Sha M et al (2019) Towards 25,000 TEU vessels? A comparative economic analy-sis of ultra-large containership sizes under different market and operational conditions. Maritime Economics & Logistics, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41278-019-00136-4

  16. Hensel T, Ugé C, Jahn C (2020) Green shipping: using AIS data to assess global emissions [Grüne Schifffahrt: Verwendung von AIS-Daten zur Bewertung globaler Emissionen]. In Nachhaltigkeits Management Forum| Sustainability Management Forum 28(1):39-47

    Google Scholar 

  17. Inmarsat. 2018. “Industrial IOT at Sea”. https://www.inmarsat.com/en/insights/maritime/2018/industrial-iot-at-sea.html. Accessed 20 Apr 2021

  18. The Insight Partners (2020a) Maritime Analytics Market Forecast to 2027 – COVID-19 Impact and Global Analysis By Application (Optimal Route Mapping, Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics, Pricing Insights, Vessel Safety and Security, and Others) and End User (Commer-cial and Military) and Geography. Research and Markets. https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5178588/maritime-analytics-market-forecast-to-2027? Accessed 22 Apr 2021

  19. International Association of Ports and Harbors, Policy Statement dated June 01, 2020. Retrieved from http://www.iaphworldports.org/news/7797 on March 13, 2021.

  20. Knatz, G. (2017). How competition is driving change in port governance, strategic decision-making and government policy in the United States. Research in Transportation Business and Management Vol. 22 67-77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Notteboom, T., Knatz G., Parola F., Notteboom, T, Knatz G., Parola F. (2018a) Port co-operation: types, drivers and impediments, Research in Transportation Business and Management, 26:1-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Lim S, Pettit S, Abouarghoub W et al. (2019) Port sustainability and performance: A systematic literature review. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 72:47-64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Longépé N, Mouche AA., Goacolou M, et al. (2015) Polluter identification with spaceborne ra-dar imagery, AIS and forward drift modeling. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 101(2): 826–833.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Marchal V, Dellink R, Van Vuuren D et al. (2011).OECD environmental outlook to 2050. Or-ganization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 8:397-413.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Mongelluzzo B (2020) Increasing vessel sizes a red flag for US ports. Journal of Commerce Maritime News. https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/container-lines/increasing-vessel-sizes-red-flag-us-ports_20201221.html. Accessed 20 Apr 2021

  26. Murnane J (2017) Ports and shipping: the need for solutions that cross lines. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/travel-logistics-and-infrastructure/our-insights/ports-and-shipping-the-need-for-solutions-that-cross-lines#. Accessed 20 Apr 2021

  27. National Resources Defense Council (2014) Harboring Pollution: The Dirty Truth about U.S. Ports, Accessed May 13, 2021 https://www.nrdc.org/resources/harboring-pollution-dirty-truth-about-us-ports.

  28. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (2020) PORTS (Physical Oceano-graphic Real-Time System). National Ocean Service, Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services. https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/ports.html. Accessed 22 April, 2021

  29. Notteboom, T., Knatz, G., Parola, F. (Eds.) (2018b) Port co-operation: types, drivers and impediments, Vol 26, Special Issue Research in Transportation Business and Management.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Port of Los Angeles. (2020) 2019 Inventory of Air Emissions, Technical Report, APP# 191122-551 A. https://www.portoflosangeles.org/environment/air-quality/air-emissions-inventory. Accessed 15 April, 2020.

  31. Rodrigue J-P. (2010) Maritime Transportation: Drivers for the Shipping and Port Industries” In-ternational transport Forum. Paris, France. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238689612_Maritime_Transportation_Drivers_for_the_Shipping_and_Port_Industries. Accessed 20 Apr 2021

  32. Rodrigue J-P. (2020) The Geography of Transport Systems, Hofstra University, Department of Global Studies & Geography, Section 6.3 Port Terminals, https://transportgeography.org.

  33. Sanchez R, Perrotti D., Gomez Paz A (2020) Ongoing challenges to ports: the increasing size of container ships. Facilitation of Transport and Trade in Latin America and the Caribbean. Bulletin 379:3. 1564-4227. https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/publication/files/46457/S2000485_en.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  34. Sánchez R, Perrotti D, Fort, A (2021). Looking into the future ten years later: big full containerships and their arrival to South American ports. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 6(1), 1-20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Schultz MT, Bourne SG (2019) Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) Data to Assess Col-lision and Grounding Risk in US Coastal Ports. ERDC Vicksburg United States.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Scott R, (2014) An exhilaration expansion: the world merchant ship fleet’s heady growth over the past decade. Greenwich Maritime Institute, Maritime Publications. https://maritimeatgreenwich.wordpress.com/2014/11/03/an-exhilarating-expansion-the-world-merchant-ship-fleets-heady-growth-over-the-past-decade/ University of Greenwich. Accessed 20 Apr 2021

  37. Scully BM, Chambers KF (2019) Measuring Port Disruptions with Automatic Identification Sys-tem Data. American Society of Civil Engineers Ports 2019: Port Planning and Development, 311-321.

    Google Scholar 

  38. The Insight Partners. (2020b). “Maritime Analytics Market Forecast to 2027 – COVID-19 Impact and Global Analysis By Application (Optimal Route Mapping, Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics, Pricing Insights, Vessel Safety and Security, and Others) and End User (Commercial and Military) and Geography. Research and Markets. https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5178588/maritime-analytics-market-forecast-to-2027?

  39. Treece ZR, Smith MD, Wierschem NE et al. (2015) USACE SMART Gate: Structural Health Monitoring to Preserve America’s Critical Infrastructure. Structural Health Monitoring.

    Google Scholar 

  40. U.S. Committee on the Marine Transportation System (CMTS) (2019a) Federal Funding Hand-book for Marine Transportation System Infrastructure. Washington, D.C., p. 60

    Google Scholar 

  41. U.S. Committee on the Marine Transportation System (CMTS) (2019b) A Ten-Year Projection of Maritime Activity in the U.S. Arctic Region, 2020-2030. Washington, D.C., 118 p. Accessed 18 Apr 2021

    Google Scholar 

  42. Yang D, Wu L, Wang S et al (2019b) How big data enriches maritime research – a critical review of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data applications, Transport Reviews. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2019.1649315

  43. Woo SH, Pettit S, Beresford A (2011) Port evolution and performance in changing logistics environments. Maritime Economics and Logistics 13:

    Google Scholar 

  44. Yoshitani, T. (2018) PNW Seaport Alliance: Stakeholder’s benefits of port cooperation. Research in Transportation Business and Management 26: 14-17. 250–277 https://doi.org/10.1057/mel.2011.12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2018 “Review of Maritime Transport”. UNCTAD Secretariat, Geneva Switzerland. UNCTAD/RMT/2018

    Google Scholar 

  46. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). (2017). 2017 Infrastructure Report Card: A Comprehensive Assessment of America’s Infrastructure. www.infrastructurereportcard.org

    Google Scholar 

  47. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). (2021). 2021 Report Card for America’s Infrastructure: A Comprehensive Assessment of America’s Infrastructure. www.infrastructurereportcard.org

    Google Scholar 

  48. Touzinsky, K. F., Scully, B. M., Mitchell, K. N., & Kress, M. M. (2018). Using empirical data to quantify port resilience: Hurricane Matthew and the southeastern seaboard. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 144(4), 05018003

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Geraldine Knatz

  2. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC, USA

    Katherine Chambers

Authors
  1. Geraldine Knatz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Katherine Chambers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Katherine Chambers .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Virginia Tech (retired), Blacksburg, VA, USA

    Peggy Layne

  2. Technically Speaking Inc, Greenwood Village, CO, USA

    Jill S. Tietjen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Knatz, G., Chambers, K. (2022). Seaports. In: Layne, P., Tietjen, J.S. (eds) Women in Infrastructure. Women in Engineering and Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92821-6_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92821-6_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-92820-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-92821-6

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation