Abstract
Orbital anatomy is a complex and variable subject, and detailed study of radiographic, cadaveric, and operative findings is necessary to achieve mastery. In the following 6 papers, we review both critical developments in orbital anatomy that allow for a deeper understanding of the orbit, as well as papers that establish safe and reliable surgical approaches to the orbit based on these underlying anatomic principles.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Rontal E, Rontal M, Guilford FT (1979) Surgical anatomy of the orbit. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 88:382–386
Koornneef L (1979) Orbital septa: anatomy and function. Ophthalmology 86:876–880
Baylis HI, Long JA, Groth MJ (1989) Transconjunctival lower eyelid blepharoplasty: technique and complications. Ophthalmology 96:1027–1032
Shorr N, Baylis HI, Goldberg RA, Perry JD (2000) Transcaruncular approach to the medial orbit and orbital apex. Ophthalmology 107:1459–1463
Pelton RW, Patel BCK (2001) Superomedial lid crease approach to the medial intraconal space: a new technique for access to the optic nerve and central space. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 17:241–253
Kim JW, Goldberg RA, Shorr N (2002) The inferomedial orbital strut: an anatomic and radiographic study. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 18:355–364
Yoon J, Pather N (2016) The orbit: a re-appraisal of the surgical landmarks of the medial and lateral walls. Clin Anat 29:998–1010
Macchi V, Regoli M, Bracco S, Nicoletti C, Morra A, Porzionato A, De Caro R, Bertelli E (2016) Clinical anatomy of the orbitomeningeal foramina: variational anatomy of the canals connecting the orbit with the cranial cavity. Surg Radiol Anat 38:165–177
Mueller SK, Bleier BS (2018) Osteologic analysis of ethnic differences in supernumerary ethmoidal foramina: implications for endoscopic sinus and orbit surgery. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 8:655–658
Harris GJ, Garcia GH, Logani SC, Murphy ML (2000) Correlation of preoperative computed tomography and postoperative ocular motility in orbital blowout fractures. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 16:179–187
Chaudhuri Z, Demer JL (2013) Sagging Eye Syndrome. JAMA Ophthalmol 131:619
Goseki T, Suh SY, Robbins L, Pineles SL, Velez FG, Demer JL (2019) Prevalence of sagging eye syndrome in adults with binocular diplopia. Am J Ophthalmol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2019.09.006
DEMER JL (2002) The orbital pulley system: a revolution in concepts of orbital anatomy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 956:17–32
Goldberg RA, Lessner AM, Shorr N, Baylis HI (1990) The transconjunctival approach to the orbital floor and orbital fat. A prospective study. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 6:241–246
J. B (1924) Les hernies graisseuses de l’orbite: Notre traitement chirurgical. Bull Acad Med 92:1227–1232
Tenzel RR, Miller GR (1971) Orbital blow-out fracture repair, conjunctival approach. Am J Ophthalmol 71:1141–1142
McCord CD, Shore JW (1983) Avoidance of complications in lower lid blepharoplasty. Ophthalmology 90:1039–1046
Wray RC, Holtmann B, Ribaudo JM, Keiter J, Weeks PM (1977) A comparison of conjunctival and subciliary incisions for orbital fractures. Br J Plast Surg 30:142–145
Schwarcz R, Fezza JP, Jacono A, Massry GG (2016) Stop blaming the septum. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 32:49–52
RC L (1921) The technique of a radical frontal sinus operation which has given me the best results. Laryngoscope 31:1–5
Raza SM, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Lim M, Boahene KDO, Owusu Boahene KD (2013) The transconjunctival transorbital approach: a keyhole approach to the midline anterior skull base. World Neurosurg 80:864–871
Ramesh S, Bokman C, Mustak H, Lo C, Goldberg R, Rootman D (2018) Medial buttressing in orbital blowout fractures. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 34:1
Ramesh S, Hubschman S, Goldberg R (2018) Resorbable implants for orbital fractures. Ann Plast Surg 81:372–379
Goldberg RA, Perry JD, Hortaleza V, Tong JT (2000) Strabismus after balanced medial plus lateral wall versus lateral wall only orbital decompression for dysthyroid orbitopathy. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 16:271–277
Rootman J (2013) Orbital surgery: a conceptual approach, 2nd edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ramesh, S. (2022). Orbital Anatomy. In: Foundational Papers in Oculoplastics . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92794-3_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92794-3_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-92793-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-92794-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)