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The Impacts of Microbiota on Animal Development and Physiology

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Evolution, Biodiversity and a Reassessment of the Hygiene Hypothesis

Part of the book series: Progress in Inflammation Research ((PIR,volume 89))

Abstract

Animals evolved in a world dominated by microbes. While pathogenic microbes have long been appreciated as the cause of infectious diseases, only more recently have we understood that diseases can be caused by a lack of beneficial microbes. Microbial genomic sequencing can provide insights into the vast diversity of microbiomes associated with human health and disease, but experimental animal models are required to test hypotheses about the beneficial or detrimental effects of these microbes and their molecular products. Studies in gnotobiotic animal model systems reveal the aspects of animal biology shaped by our microbial associates and shed light on new possible mechanisms underlying human diseases. Here, we survey insights from the widely used animal model systems in microbiome research. We explore emerging shared themes across these diverse animal hosts about the interconnected impacts of microbiota on immune system maturation, intestinal epithelial homeostasis, nervous system development, endocrine signaling, and metabolic regulation. Research in animal models can provide both the basis for uncovering microbial influences on human health and disease, and also the starting point for developing treatment strategies to correct dysregulation of animal-microbe interactions in disease.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank members of the Guillemin and Eisen labs for helpful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA

    Kathleen T. Walsh

  2. Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA

    Karen Guillemin

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  1. Kathleen T. Walsh
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Correspondence to Karen Guillemin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Clinical Microbiology, UCL (University College London), London, UK

    Graham A. W. Rook

  2. Dept. of Integrative Physiology UCB 603, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA

    Christopher A. Lowry

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Walsh, K.T., Guillemin, K. (2022). The Impacts of Microbiota on Animal Development and Physiology. In: Rook, G.A.W., Lowry, C.A. (eds) Evolution, Biodiversity and a Reassessment of the Hygiene Hypothesis. Progress in Inflammation Research, vol 89. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91051-8_6

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