Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Uncomplicated Celiac Disease

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Refractory Celiac Disease

Abstract

Uncomplicated celiac disease is a chronic, autoimmune systemic disorder that is triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in foods such as wheat, rye, and barley. It appears in genetically susceptible individuals who, in response to unclear environmental triggers, develop an immune response triggered by gluten ingestion. The clinical presentation is largely known to be malabsorption and its subsequent complications, in addition to gastrointestinal symptoms. Diagnosis requires the demonstration of small intestinal villous atrophy in the presence of certain serologic antibodies known to be sensitive and specific for celiac disease. The only known treatment of celiac disease is lifelong adherence to a strict gluten-free diet. Management requires a holistic and multidisciplinary approach with close-follow up.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Lebwohl B, Sanders DS, Green PHR. Coeliac disease. Lancet. 2018;391(10115):70–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. HAAS SV. Celiac disease, its specific treatment and cure without nutritional relapse. JAMA. 1932;99:448–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Booth C. History of coeliac disease. BMJ. 1989;297(6664):1646–9.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Dicke WK, Weijers HA, Van De Kamer JH. Coeliac disease. II. The presence in wheat of a factor having a deleterious effect in cases of coeliac disease. Acta Paediatr. 1953;42(1):34–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Van De Kamer JH, Weijers HA, Dicke WK. Coeliac disease. IV. An investigation into the injurious constituents of wheat in connection with their action on patients with coeliac disease. Acta Paediatr. 1953;42(3):223–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Singh P, Arora A, Strand TA, Leffler DA, Catassi C, Green PH, et al. Global prevalence of celiac disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;16(6):823–36. e2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Lo W, Sano K, Lebwohl B, Diamond B, Green PH. Changing presentation of adult celiac disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2003;48(2):395–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Fasano A, Catassi C. Clinical practice. Celiac disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(25):2419–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Sapone A, Bai JC, Ciacci C, Dolinsek J, Green PH, Hadjivassiliou M, et al. Spectrum of gluten-related disorders: consensus on new nomenclature and classification. BMC Med. 2012;10:13.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Husby S, Olsson C, Ivarsson A. Celiac disease and risk management of gluten. In: Risk management for food allergy. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press; 2014. p. 129–52.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Green PH, Cellier C. Celiac disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(17):1731–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Dieterich W, Ehnis T, Bauer M, Donner P, Volta U, Riecken EO, et al. Identification of tissue transglutaminase as the autoantigen of celiac disease. Nat Med. 1997;3(7):797–801.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Maiuri L, Ciacci C, Ricciardelli I, Vacca L, Raia V, Auricchio S, et al. Association between innate response to gliadin and activation of pathogenic T cells in coeliac disease. Lancet. 2003;362(9377):30–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Mention JJ, Ben Ahmed M, Begue B, Barbe U, Verkarre V, Asnafi V, et al. Interleukin 15: a key to disrupted intraepithelial lymphocyte homeostasis and lymphomagenesis in celiac disease. Gastroenterology. 2003;125(3):730–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Schuppan D, Junker Y, Barisani D. Celiac disease: from pathogenesis to novel therapies. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(6):1912–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Greco L, Romino R, Coto I, Di Cosmo N, Percopo S, Maglio M, et al. The first large population based twin study of coeliac disease. Gut. 2002;50(5):624–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Kuja-Halkola R, Lebwohl B, Halfvarson J, Wijmenga C, Magnusson PK, Ludvigsson JF. Heritability of non-HLA genetics in coeliac disease: a population-based study in 107 000 twins. Gut. 2016;65(11):1793–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Nistico L, Fagnani C, Coto I, Percopo S, Cotichini R, Limongelli MG, et al. Concordance, disease progression, and heritability of coeliac disease in Italian twins. Gut. 2006;55(6):803–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Sollid LM, Lie BA. Celiac disease genetics: current concepts and practical applications. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3(9):843–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Romanos J, van Diemen CC, Nolte IM, Trynka G, Zhernakova A, Fu J, et al. Analysis of HLA and non-HLA alleles can identify individuals at high risk for celiac disease. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(3):834–40. 40 e1–3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kaukinen K, Partanen J, Maki M, Collin P. HLA-DQ typing in the diagnosis of celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97(3):695–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Hunt KA, Zhernakova A, Turner G, Heap GA, Franke L, Bruinenberg M, et al. Newly identified genetic risk variants for celiac disease related to the immune response. Nat Genet. 2008;40(4):395–402.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhernakova A, Elbers CC, Ferwerda B, Romanos J, Trynka G, Dubois PC, et al. Evolutionary and functional analysis of celiac risk loci reveals SH2B3 as a protective factor against bacterial infection. Am J Hum Genet. 2010;86(6):970–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Castellanos-Rubio A, Fernandez-Jimenez N, Kratchmarov R, Luo X, Bhagat G, Green PH, et al. A long noncoding RNA associated with susceptibility to celiac disease. Science. 2016;352(6281):91–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Castellanos-Rubio A, Santin I, Irastorza I, Castano L, Carlos Vitoria J, Ramon Bilbao J. TH17 (and TH1) signatures of intestinal biopsies of CD patients in response to gliadin. Autoimmunity. 2009;42(1):69–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Lionetti E, Catassi C. New clues in celiac disease epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment. Int Rev Immunol. 2011;30(4):219–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Panel NI-SE, Boyce JA, Assa'ad A, Burks AW, Jones SM, Sampson HA, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: report of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(6 Suppl):S1–58.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Dominguez Castro P, Harkin G, Hussey M, Christopher B, Kiat C, Liong Chin J, et al. Changes in presentation of celiac disease in Ireland from the 1960s to 2015. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(6):864–71. e3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ludvigsson JF, Leffler DA, Bai JC, Biagi F, Fasano A, Green PH, et al. The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms. Gut. 2013;62(1):43–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ramakrishna BS, Makharia GK, Chetri K, Dutta S, Mathur P, Ahuja V, et al. Prevalence of adult celiac disease in India: regional variations and associations. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111(1):115–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Maglione MA, Okunogbe A, Ewing B, Grant S, Newberry SJ, Motala A, et al. Diagnosis of celiac disease. Rockville, MD: AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews; 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Green PH. The many faces of celiac disease: clinical presentation of celiac disease in the adult population. Gastroenterology. 2005;128(4 Suppl 1):S74–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Rubio-Tapia A, Murray JA. The liver in celiac disease. Hepatology. 2007;46(5):1650–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Sainsbury A, Sanders DS, Ford AC. Meta-analysis: coeliac disease and hypertransaminasaemia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34(1):33–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Vogelsang H, Genser D, Wyatt J, Lochs H, Ferenci P, Granditsch G, et al. Screening for celiac disease: a prospective study on the value of noninvasive tests. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995;90(3):394–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Khatib M, Baker RD, Ly EK, Kozielski R, Baker SS. Presenting pattern of pediatric celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016;62(1):60–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Meazza C, Pagani S, Laarej K, Cantoni F, Civallero P, Boncimino A, et al. Short stature in children with coeliac disease. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2009;6(4):457–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Street ME, Volta C, Ziveri MA, Zanacca C, Banchini G, Viani I, et al. Changes and relationships of IGFS and IGFBPS and cytokines in coeliac disease at diagnosis and on gluten-free diet. Clin Endocrinol. 2008;68(1):22–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Nurminen S, Kivela L, Huhtala H, Kaukinen K, Kurppa K. Extraintestinal manifestations were common in children with coeliac disease and were more prevalent in patients with more severe clinical and histological presentation. Acta Paediatr. 2019;108(4):681–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Jericho H, Sansotta N, Guandalini S. Extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease: effectiveness of the gluten-free diet. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;65(1):75–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Pantaleoni S, Luchino M, Adriani A, Pellicano R, Stradella D, Ribaldone DG, et al. Bone mineral density at diagnosis of celiac disease and after 1 year of gluten-free diet. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:173082.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Keaveny AP, Freaney R, McKenna MJ, Masterson J, O'Donoghue DP. Bone remodeling indices and secondary hyperparathyroidism in celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996;91(6):1226–31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Krupa-Kozak U, Markiewicz LH, Lamparski G, Juskiewicz J. Administration of inulin-supplemented gluten-free diet modified calcium absorption and caecal microbiota in rats in a calcium-dependent manner. Nutrients. 2017;9(7):702.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Casella G, Bordo BM, Schalling R, Villanacci V, Salemme M, Di Bella C, et al. Neurological disorders and celiac disease. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2016;62(2):197–206.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Ludvigsson JF, Zingone F, Tomson T, Ekbom A, Ciacci C. Increased risk of epilepsy in biopsy-verified celiac disease: a population-based cohort study. Neurology. 2012;78(18):1401–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Farmakis E, Puntis JW, Toumba KJ. Enamel defects in children with coeliac disease. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2005;6(3):129–32.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Volta U, Caio G, Stanghellini V, De Giorgio R. The changing clinical profile of celiac disease: a 15-year experience (1998-2012) in an Italian referral center. BMC Gastroenterol. 2014;14:194.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Schosler L, Christensen LA, Hvas CL. Symptoms and findings in adult-onset celiac disease in a historical Danish patient cohort. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2016;51(3):288–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Halfdanarson TR, Litzow MR, Murray JA. Hematologic manifestations of celiac disease. Blood. 2007;109(2):412–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Bolotin D, Petronic-Rosic V. Dermatitis herpetiformis. Part I. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64(6):1017–24. quiz 25–6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Collin P, Reunala T. Recognition and management of the cutaneous manifestations of celiac disease: a guide for dermatologists. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2003;4(1):13–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Gawkrodger DJ, Blackwell JN, Gilmour HM, Rifkind EA, Heading RC, Barnetson RS. Dermatitis herpetiformis: diagnosis, diet and demography. Gut. 1984;25(2):151–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Gregory B, Ho VC. Cutaneous manifestations of gastrointestinal disorders. Part II. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;26(3 Pt 2):371–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Pastore L, Carroccio A, Compilato D, Panzarella V, Serpico R, Lo Muzio L. Oral manifestations of celiac disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;42(3):224–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Rashid M, Zarkadas M, Anca A, Limeback H. Oral manifestations of celiac disease: a clinical guide for dentists. J Can Dent Assoc. 2011;77:b39.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Bibbo S, Pes GM, Usai-Satta P, Salis R, Soro S, Quarta Colosso BM, et al. Chronic autoimmune disorders are increased in coeliac disease: a case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(47):e8562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Roy A, Laszkowska M, Sundstrom J, Lebwohl B, Green PH, Kampe O, et al. Prevalence of celiac disease in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease: a meta-analysis. Thyroid. 2016;26(7):880–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Elfsrom P, Sundström J, Ludvigsson JF. Systematic review with meta-analysis: associations between coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes. Ailment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40(10):1123–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Krishnareddy S, Lewis SK, Green PH. Dermatitis herpetiformis: clinical presentations are independent of manifestations of celiac disease. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2014;15(1):51–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Green PH, Jabri B. Coeliac disease. Lancet. 2003;362(9381):383–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Zelnik N, Pacht A, Obeid R, Lerner A. Range of neurologic disorders in patients with celiac disease. Pediatrics. 2004;113(6):1672–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Leonard MM, Lebwohl B, Rubio-Tapia A, Biagi F. AGA clinical practice update on the evaluation and management of seronegative enteropathies: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2021;160:437–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Leffler D, Schuppan D, Pallav K, Najarian R, Goldsmith JD, Hansen J, et al. Kinetics of the histological, serological and symptomatic responses to gluten challenge in adults with coeliac disease. Gut. 2013;62(7):996–1004.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Lau MS, Sanders DS. Optimizing the diagnosis of celiac disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2017;33(3):173–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Ludvigsson JF, Bai JC, Biagi F, Card TR, Ciacci C, Ciclitira PJ, et al. Diagnosis and management of adult coeliac disease: guidelines from the British Society of Gastroenterology. Gut. 2014;63(8):1210–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Kumar VJ-C, M.; Sulej, J.; Karnewska, K.; Farrell, T.; Jablonska, S. Celiac disease and immunoglobulin A deficiency: how effective are the serological methods of diagnosis? Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2002;9(6):1295–300.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Latorre M, Lagana SM, Freedberg DE, Lewis SK, Lebwohl B, Bhagat G, et al. Endoscopic biopsy technique in the diagnosis of celiac disease: one bite or two? Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;81(5):1228–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Oberhuber G. Histopathology of celiac disease. Biomed Pharmacother. 2000;54(7):368–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Salmi TT, Collin P, Korponay-Szabo IR, Laurila K, Partanen J, Huhtala H, et al. Endomysial antibody-negative coeliac disease: clinical characteristics and intestinal autoantibody deposits. Gut. 2006;55(12):1746–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Barada K, Habib RH, Malli A, Hashash JG, Halawi H, Maasri K, et al. Prediction of celiac disease at endoscopy. Endoscopy. 2014;46(2):110–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Lewis NR, Scott BB. Systematic review: the use of serology to exclude or diagnose coeliac disease (a comparison of the endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests). Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24(1):47–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Amarri S, Alvisi P, De Giorgio R, Gelli MC, Cicola R, Tovoli F, et al. Antibodies to deamidated gliadin peptides: an accurate predictor of coeliac disease in infancy. J Clin Immunol. 2013;33(5):1027–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Campanella J, Biagi F, Bianchi PI, Zanellati G, Marchese A, Corazza GR. Clinical response to gluten withdrawal is not an indicator of coeliac disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(11):1311–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Lewis SK, Semrad CE. Capsule endoscopy and Enteroscopy in celiac disease. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 2019;48(1):73–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Chang MS, Rubin M, Lewis SK, Green PH. Diagnosing celiac disease by video capsule endoscopy (VCE) when esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and biopsy is unable to provide a diagnosis: a case series. BMC Gastroenterol. 2012;12:90.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Rondonotti E, Paggi S. Videocapsule endoscopy in celiac disease: indications and timing. Dig Dis. 2015;33(2):244–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Pennazio M, Spada C, Eliakim R, Keuchel M, May A, Mulder CJ, et al. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel disorders: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) clinical guideline. Endoscopy. 2015;47(4):352–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Valitutti F, Di Nardo G, Barbato M, Aloi M, Celletti I, Trovato CM, et al. Mapping histologic patchiness of celiac disease by push enteroscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;79(1):95–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Hadithi M, Al-toma A, Oudejans J, van Bodegraven AA, Mulder CJ, Jacobs M. The value of double-balloon Enteroscopy in patients with refractory celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:987–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Tomba C, Elli L, Bardella MT, Soncini M, Contiero P, Roncoroni L, et al. Enteroscopy for the early detection of small bowel tumours in at-risk celiac patients. Dig Liver Dis. 2014;46(5):400–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Elli L, Casazza G, Locatelli M, Branchi F, Ferretti F, Conte D, et al. Use of enteroscopy for the detection of malignant and premalignant lesions of the small bowel in complicated celiac disease: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017;86(2):264–73. e1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. See JA, Kaukinen K, Makharia GK, Gibson PR, Murray JA. Practical insights into gluten-free diets. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12(10):580–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Mahadev S, Murray JA, Wu TT, Chandan VS, Torbenson MS, Kelly CP, et al. Factors associated with villus atrophy in symptomatic coeliac disease patients on a gluten-free diet. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;45(8):1084–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Hall NJ, Rubin G, Charnock A. Systematic review: adherence to a gluten-free diet in adult patients with coeliac disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;30(4):315–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Cohen ME, Jaffe A, Strauch CB, Lewis SK, Lebwohl B, Green PHR. Determinants of follow-up care for patients with celiac disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2018;52(9):784–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Wessels MM, van V, II, Vriezinga SL, Putter H, Rings EH, Mearin ML. Complementary serologic investigations in children with celiac disease is unnecessary during follow-up. J Pediatr. 2016;169:55–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Ukkola A, Maki M, Kurppa K, Collin P, Huhtala H, Kekkonen L, et al. Patients’ experiences and perceptions of living with coeliac disease - implications for optimizing care. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2012;21(1):17–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. De Palma G, Nadal I, Medina M, Donat E, Ribes-Koninckx C, Calabuig M, et al. Intestinal dysbiosis and reduced immunoglobulin-coated bacteria associated with coeliac disease in children. BMC Microbiol. 2010;10:63.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  89. Guandalini S, Newland C. Can we really skip the biopsy in diagnosing symptomatic children with celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;57(4):e24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Vecsei E, Steinwendner S, Kogler H, Innerhofer A, Hammer K, Haas OA, et al. Follow-up of pediatric celiac disease: value of antibodies in predicting mucosal healing, a prospective cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2014;14:28.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  91. Bai JC, Fried M, Corazza GR, Schuppan D, Farthing M, Catassi C, et al. World gastroenterology organisation global guidelines on celiac disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013;47(2):121–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Lebwohl B, Granath F, Ekbom A, Smedby KE, Murray JA, Neugut AI, et al. Mucosal healing and risk for lymphoproliferative malignancy in celiac disease: a population-based cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(3):169–75.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Comino I, Real A, Vivas S, Siglez MA, Caminero A, Nistal E, et al. Monitoring of gluten-free diet compliance in celiac patients by assessment of gliadin 33-mer equivalent epitopes in feces. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95(3):670–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  94. Lebwohl B, Murray JA, Rubio-Tapia A, Green PHR, Ludvigsson JF. Predictors of persistent villous atrophy in coeliac disease: a population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;39(5):488–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  95. Moreno ML, Cebolla A, Munoz-Suano A, Carrillo-Carrion C, Comino I, Pizarro A, et al. Detection of gluten immunogenic peptides in the urine of patients with coeliac disease reveals transgressions in the gluten-free diet and incomplete mucosal healing. Gut. 2017;66(2):250–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Syage JA, Kelly CP, Dickason MA, Ramirez AC, Leon F, Dominguez R, et al. Determination of gluten consumption in celiac disease patients on a gluten-free diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;107(2):201–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Kivela L, Caminero A, Leffler DA, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Tye-Din AJ, Lindfors K. Current and emerging therapies for coeliac disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18(3):181–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Sanskriti Varma

  2. Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, NewYork-Presbyterian, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Suneeta Krishnareddy

Authors
  1. Sanskriti Varma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Suneeta Krishnareddy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology, AP-HP. Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France

    Georgia Malamut

  2. Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163 and Imagine Institute, Paris, France

    Nadine Cerf-Bensussan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Varma, S., Krishnareddy, S. (2022). Uncomplicated Celiac Disease. In: Malamut, G., Cerf-Bensussan, N. (eds) Refractory Celiac Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90142-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90142-4_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-90141-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-90142-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation