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Abbreviations
- ACVR1B:
-
Activin A receptor type 1B
- ACVR2B:
-
Activin A receptor type 2B
- AdVac:
-
A-dark spermatogonium with nuclear dilution zone
- AdNoVac:
-
A-dark spermatogonium without nuclear vacuole
- AMBRA1:
-
Autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1
- ALDOA:
-
Aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate A
- BAMBI:
-
BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor
- BCL2:
-
BCL2 apoptosis regulator
- BMPR1B:
-
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B
- C3orf22:
-
Chromosome 3 open reading frame 22
- CADH1:
-
Cadherin 1 (CDH1)
- CD:
-
Cluster of differentiation
- CD9:
-
CD9 molecule
- CDK:
-
Cyclin-dependent kinase
- CELF4:
-
CUGBP Elav-like family member 4
- C-MYC:
-
C-MYC proto-oncogene, BHLH transcription factor
- COL1A2:
-
Collagen type I alpha 2 chain
- DA:
-
Dopamine, dopaminergic neurons
- DAZL:
-
Deleted in azoospermia like
- DCAF4L1:
-
DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 4 like 1
- DDX4:
-
DEAD-box helicase 4 (VASA)
- DEG:
-
Differentially expressed genes
- DMRT1:
-
Doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor 1
- DOCK8:
-
Dedicator of cytokinesis 8
- DUSP6:
-
Dual specificity phosphatase 6
- DVL1:
-
Dishevelled segment polarity protein 1
- EDNRA:
-
Endothelin receptor type A
- EGC:
-
Embryonic germ cell
- EGR4:
-
Early growth response 4
- EIF2:
-
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2
- EIF4B:
-
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B
- EIF4E:
-
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E
- EIF4EBP1:
-
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1
- ELAVL2:
-
ELAV-like RNA binding protein 2
- ENO2:
-
Enolase 2
- ENO3:
-
Enolase 3
- EOMES:
-
Eomesodermin
- EPHA2:
-
EPH receptor A2
- ESC:
-
Embryonic stem cell
- ETV5:
-
ETS variant transcription factor 5
- FACS:
-
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- FGF:
-
Fibroblast growth factor
- FGFR3:
-
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3
- FSD1:
-
Fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing 1
- Fibs:
-
Fibroblast
- FSHR:
-
Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor
- FST:
-
Follistatin
- GAD1:
-
Glutamate decarboxylase 1
- GATA4:
-
GATA binding protein 4
- GDF3:
-
Growth differentiation factor
- GDNF:
-
Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor
- GFP:
-
Green fluorescent protein
- GFRA1:
-
GDNF family receptor alpha 1
- GiPSC:
-
GSCs-derived iPSC
- GPR125:
-
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A3 (ADGRA3)
- GSC:
-
Germ stem cell
- h:
-
Human
- haGSC:
-
Human adult germ stem cell
- hFibs:
-
Human fibroblasts
- ICA1L:
-
Islet cell autoantigen 1 like
- ID4:
-
Inhibitor of DNA binding 4, HLH protein
- INTGA6:
-
Integrin A6
- iPSC:
-
Induced pluripotent stem cell
- KIT:
-
KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase
- KLF4:
-
Kruppel-like factor 4
- KLF6:
-
Kruppel-like factor 6
- LATS2:
-
Large tumor suppressor kinase 2
- L1TD1:
-
LINE1-type transposase domain containing 1
- LIF:
-
Leukemia inhibitory factor
- LIN28:
-
Lin-28 homolog A
- LPPR3:
-
Phospholipid phosphatase-related 3
- LY6K:
-
Lymphocyte antigen 6 family member K
- MACS:
-
Magnetic-activated cell sorting
- MAGEA4:
-
MAGE family member A4
- MAGEC1:
-
MAGE family member C1
- MCM7:
-
Minichromosome maintenance complex component 7
- MEF:
-
Mouse embryonic fibroblast
- MKI67:
-
Marker of proliferation Ki-67
- MLST8:
-
MTOR-associated protein, LST8 homolog
- mRNA:
-
Messenger ribonucleic acid
- MSC:
-
Mesenchymal stem cell
- mTOR:
-
Mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin kinase
- NANOG:
-
Nanog homeobox
- NANOS2:
-
Nanos C2HC-type zinc finger 2
- NANOS3:
-
Nanos C2HC-type zinc finger 3
- NOG:
-
Noggin
- OCT4:
-
Octamer-binding transcription factor 4
- p21:
-
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1
- p53:
-
Tumor protein P53
- PABPC1:
-
Poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1
- PASD1:
-
PAS domain-containing repressor 1
- PAX7:
-
Paired box 7
- PDGFRA:
-
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha
- PFKL:
-
Phosphofructokinase, liver type
- PGC:
-
Primordial germ cell
- PHGDH:
-
Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
- PIWIL4:
-
Piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 4
- PLZF:
-
Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16 (ZBTB16)
- POU5F1:
-
POU class 5 homeobox 1
- PPP1R36:
-
Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 36
- PPRC1:
-
PPARG-related coactivator 1
- PTPN13:
-
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 13
- PVR:
-
PVR cell adhesion molecule
- RA:
-
Retinoic acid
- RHOX10:
-
Rhox homeobox family member 10
- RHOX13:
-
Rhox homeobox family member 13
- RHOXF1:
-
Rhox homeobox family member 1
- RNA:
-
Ribonucleic acid
- RNAi:
-
Ribonucleic acid interference
- RPTOR:
-
Regulatory-associated protein of MTOR complex 1
- RT-PCR:
-
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- SAGE1:
-
Sarcoma antigen 1
- SALL4:
-
Spalt-like transcription factor 4
- SCF:
-
Stem cell factor
- SCOS:
-
Sertoli-cell-only-syndrome
- scRNA:
-
Small conditional RNA
- scRNA-seq:
-
Single-cell RNA sequencing
- SERINC2:
-
Serine incorporator 2
- SIX1:
-
SIX homeobox 1
- SOX2:
-
SRY-box transcription factor 2
- SPATS2L:
-
Spermatogenesis-associated serine-rich 2 like
- SPG:
-
Spermatogonium, spermatogonia
- SSC:
-
Spermatogonial stem cell
- SSEA1:
-
Stage-specific embryonic antigen-1
- SSEA4:
-
Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4
- ST3GAL2:
-
ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 2
- STRA8:
-
Stimulated by retinoic acid 8
- SUSD2:
-
Sushi domain containing 2
- SV40T:
-
SV40 large T antigen
- TAZ:
-
Tafazzi
- TCF3:
-
Transcription factor 3
- TCL1:
-
TCL1 family AKT coactivator
- TCN1:
-
Transcobalamin 1
- TCN2:
-
Transcobalamin 2
- TERT:
-
Telomerase reverse transcriptase
- TEX15:
-
Testis expressed 15, meiosis and synapsis associated
- TGFA:
-
Transforming growth factor alpha
- TGFBR:
-
Transforming growth factor beta receptor
- TIMP2:
-
TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2
- TOP2A:
-
DNA topoisomerase II alpha
- TPI1:
-
Triosephosphate isomerase 1
- TRA-1-60:
-
 T cell receptor alpha locus
- TRA-1-81:
-
 T cell receptor alpha locus
- TSPAN8:
-
Tetraspanin 8
- TSPAN33:
-
Tetraspanin 33
- TPH1:
-
Tryptophan hydroxylase 1
- TRP53:
-
Tumor protein P53
- TSPYL1:
-
Testis-specific Y-encoded-like protein 1
- TTC14:
-
Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 14
- UCHL1:
-
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1
- USF3:
-
Upstream transcription factor family member 3
- UTF1:
-
Undifferentiated embryonic cell transcription factor 1
- VASA:
-
Vasa homolog (DDX4)
- ZBTB16:
-
Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16
- ZBTB33:
-
Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 33
- ZFHX3:
-
Zinc finger homeobox 3
- ZNF654:
-
Zinc finger protein 654
- YAP:
-
Yes1-associated transcriptional regulator
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Conrad, S., Azizi, H., Amirian, M., Hatami, M., Skutella, T. (2022). New Insights in Spermatogonial Stem Cells. In: Virant-Klun, I. (eds) Stem Cells in Reproductive Tissues and Organs. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, vol 70. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90111-0_6
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