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Ancient Cultures and Migrations in Northeastern Siberia

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Humans in the Siberian Landscapes

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Abstract

This chapter presents a brief overview of archeological research into Northeastern Siberia in the Stone and Paleometal Ages. Based on the previous studies and recent discoveries, we offer a comprehensive view of the main problems of the genesis of ancient cultures and migrations in Northeastern Siberia. Special attention is given to the genomic perspective on the Late Pleistocene and Holocene population history of Northeast Asia. Active exploration of the Siberian Arctic by tribes of hunters of large mammals took place in the Early Upper Paleolithic; evidence of their culture appears among the materials of the Yana group of sites. In the period 15,000–10,000 cal. BP, two traditions of the Upper Paleolithic coexisted in the region: the non-microblade tradition and the Beringian microblade tradition. The Beringian tradition’s wide distribution was likely associated with the Ancient Paleosiberian population, who were gradually replaced by genetically different groups of Neosiberian population between 10,000 and 3,000 cal. BP. The spread of the Neosiberian population, distinguished by genetics, may have been associated with the Early and Late Holocene Stone Age sequence in Northeastern Siberia – Sumnagin, Syalakh, Belkachi and Ymyyakhtakh cultures. The available evidence makes it possible to distinguish at least two large waves of a back migration from North America to Northeastern Siberia. The migration of the Paleoeskimo and related groups starting from ca. 3,500 cal. BP was manifested in the emergence of the Paleoeskimo tradition in Chukotka and the Tokarev culture on the Northern Priokhotye. Starting from ca. 2,200 cal. BP, we can observe the beginning of the Eskoaleut migration to the Bering, strait, which was manifested in the emergence of the Neoeskimo tradition.

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Acknowledgements

Pavel Grebenyuk, Alexander Lebedintsev and Boris Malyarchuk are supported by Russian Science Foundation project (RSF) №22-18-00319 (https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-00319/). The analytical aspect of this study for A. Yu. Fedorchenko was supported by Russian Science Foundation (Project №20-78-10125). Studies on Yakutia written by V.M. Dyakonov, were carried out within the framework of the state order of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography SB RAS FWZG-2022-0003.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya street 16, Magadan, 685000, Russia

    Pavel S. Grebenyuk & Alexander I. Lebedintsev

  2. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    Alexander Yu. Fedorchenko

  3. Yakutsk Complex Laboratory of Archaeology of the Far North (ArcheoFarN), Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    Viktor M. Dyakonov

  4. Institute of Biological Problems of the North Far-East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya street 18, Magadan, 685000, Russia

    Boris A. Malyarchuk

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Grebenyuk, P.S., Fedorchenko, A.Y., Dyakonov, V.M., Lebedintsev, A.I., Malyarchuk, B.A. (2022). Ancient Cultures and Migrations in Northeastern Siberia. In: Bocharnikov, V.N., Steblyanskaya, A.N. (eds) Humans in the Siberian Landscapes. Springer Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90061-8_4

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