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Humans and Nature in Siberia: From the Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages

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Humans in the Siberian Landscapes

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Abstract

The main patterns of human–environment interaction in Siberia and the Russian Far East in antiquity (Palaeolithic–Middle Ages) have been established, based on geoarchaeology and GIS. The permanent settling of the whole of Siberia occurred approximately 30,000 years ago. Throughout the Palaeolithic, hunting, fishing, and gathering were the main economic activities. The movement of humans in Siberia and the Russian Far East, mainly from south to north, occurred in the Upper Palaeolithic nearly 50,000 years ago. Throughout the Holocene (the last 11,500 years), there was extensive migration of human populations, in both south-to-north and east-to-west directions. In Mesolithic–Neolithic times, ca. 12,000–5000 years ago, hunting, fishing, and gathering were the main kinds of subsistence. In the Bronze and Early Iron Ages (ca. 5000–1500 years ago), new types of the economy appeared—animal husbandry (initially with dogs and pigs as domesticated species, and later also with sheep, cattle, and domestic horses) and agriculture (millets in far eastern Russia; and wheat, barley, and rye in southern Siberia). Case studies of human–environment interaction in the past in Siberia and the Russian Far East are presented for the Amur River basin, Baraba forest steppe, and the Altai Region.

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Acknowledgements

This study was conducted on the State Assignment of the Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Russia), with funding provided by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Work by E. P. Krupochkin was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Science, grant No. 18-05-00864; and research by N. I. Bykov was funded by the State Assignment (0306-2021-0007) of the Institute of Water and Environmental Problems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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  1. Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptyug Ave. 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    Yaroslav V. Kuzmin

  2. Institute of Water and Environmental Problems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Molodezhnaya Str. 1, Barnaul, 656038, Russia

    Nikolay I. Bykov

  3. Faculty of Geography, Altai State University, Lenin Str. 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia

    Evgeny P. Krupochkin

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  1. Yaroslav V. Kuzmin
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  1. Pacific Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia

    Vladimir N. Bocharnikov

  2. Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

    Alina N. Steblyanskaya

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Kuzmin, Y.V., Bykov, N.I., Krupochkin, E.P. (2022). Humans and Nature in Siberia: From the Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages. In: Bocharnikov, V.N., Steblyanskaya, A.N. (eds) Humans in the Siberian Landscapes. Springer Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90061-8_3

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