Abstract
The Central African Republic (CAR) is landlocked in the very heart of Africa, populated by immigrant populations from the collapsing kingdoms around the area. Passing through Arabic and Atlantic slave trades during the sixteenth century, the Ubangi-Chari is opened to the world by the French colonisation, occurring from 1884 to the independence of the Central African Republic in 1960. The CAR is populated by a mosaic of ethnicities, religions and classes which are often rivals, and the country fell into multiple crises. Some groups from the North built up a faction to secede from the rest of the country, the Seleka. According to the declaration of independence signed up with France in 1960 and the defence agreement clause, CAR’s presidents are calling for France mediation into their internal crises, to re-establish order and lead to peaceful agreements between the parties.
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Notes
- 1.
In Marie-Calixte Dirou, Quel est l’impact régional de l’intervention militaire française Sangaris en Centrafrique?, master essay, dir. Mr. Pascal Le Pautremat, 2018, p. 9.
- 2.
Ibid., p. 9.
- 3.
Thomas Fllichy de la Neuville (dir.), Véronique Mézin-Bourguignaud & Gregor Mathias, Centrafrique, pourquoi la Guerre? Lavauzelle, Panazol, 2014, pp. 19–20.
- 4.
Ibid., p. 17.
- 5.
Pierre Kalck, Histoire centrafricaine des origines à 1966, l’Harmattan, 1992, pp. 33–51. «These kingdoms were founded on the ruins of Meroe in 350 CE. They were invaded and destroyed in 1503 and 1504 by the Muslim slave potentates of the kingdom of the Islamicised Fungs of Sennar in the Middle Nile Valley» (to be read on that topic Leclat (Jean) and Crawford (O.G.S), The Fung Kingdom of Sennar, Annals d’Ethipie, 1955, vol. N°1, pp. 157–159.
- 6.
Thomas Fllichy de la Neuville (dir.), Véronique Mézin-Bourguignaud & Gregor Mathias, Centrafrique, pourquoi la Guerre? Lavauzelle, Panazol, 2014, p. 21.
- 7.
Ibid., p. 15.
- 8.
Yanis Thomas, Centrafrique: un destin volé, Agone, Marseille, 2016, p. 27.
- 9.
Marie-Calixte Dirou, Quel est l’impact régional de l’intervention militaire française Sangaris en Centrafrique?, master essay, dir. Mr. Pascal Le Pautremat, 2018, p. 19.
- 10.
Dominique Kosseyo, born in 1919 near Bria in Ubangi-Chari, died on 9 March 1994, is a Central African military man. An exemplary Rifle man during the Second World War in the service of Free France, he was a Companion of the Libération, Knight of the Légion d’honneur, holder of the Military Medal and the War Cross. He was the first African to be awarded the Croix de la Libération, which was personally presented to him by General de Gaulle on 14 July 1941. Georges Koudoukou, a native of Fort Crampel, now Kaga Bandoro, was decorated posthumously on 9 September 1942.
- 11.
Florent de Saint-Victor, 45 ans d’opérations militaires en RCA, CDEF/DREX- Lettre du Retex-opérations n°8, publiée le 9 décembre 2013 et consultée le 28 mai 2018, p. 1.
- 12.
FOMAC: The Central African Multinational Force was a non-permanent African multinational armed force under the aegis of the Economic Community of Central African States.
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Dirou, A. (2022). The Central African Republic. In: Security and International Relations in Central Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89597-6_1
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