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Conventions of the Lords, War and Wedlock: Public Or Private Consultation?

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Parliament and Convention in the Personal Rule of James V of Scotland, 1528–1542

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Abstract

Consultative meetings were central to managing the overlapping campaigns against the borders and the Western Isles in 1530–1 and the 1532–3 Anglo-Scottish war. Coercive shows of power such as executions, trials and submissions took place before large audiences designed to maximise the impact of these displays of royal authority, before contracting to smaller groups to make detailed plans that formed the basis, in turn, for discussion amongst a wider range of individuals. This offers a sharp contrast with the lack of evidence for extensive consultation on James’s marital negotiations news of which was closely controlled. Contrary to existing historiography which emphasises the role of a child or woman monarch as driving increased consultation, this chapter shows that the desire to make war and the need to marry drove an uptick in consultative meetings during James’s personal rule.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    NRS CS5/41 f. 121v, 154v; ADPC, pp. 345–6.

  2. 2.

    NRS CS5/42 f.35r [Not noted in ADCP, p. 348]; NRS E21/24 f.36v.

  3. 3.

    RCRBS, pp. 512–13.

  4. 4.

    RPS, 1531/5–6. Date accessed: 24 June 2020.

  5. 5.

    RPS, 1531/7. Date accessed: 24 June 2020

  6. 6.

    RPS, 1531/4. Date accessed: 24 June 2020.

  7. 7.

    Robert S. Rait, The Parliaments of Scotland (Glasgow, 1924), p. 363.

  8. 8.

    Irene O’Brien, ‘The Scottish Parliament in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries’ (Unpublished PhD thesis, Glasgow, 1980), pp. 142–178, 158 especially.

  9. 9.

    Claire Hawes, ‘Community and Public Authority in later fifteenth-century Scotland’ (Unpublished PhD thesis, St Andrews, 2015), pp. 78–83.

  10. 10.

    Hawes, ‘Community and Public Authority’, p. 163.

  11. 11.

    John Guy, ‘The Rhetoric of Counsel in Early Modern England’, in Dale Hoak (ed.), Tudor Political Culture (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 292–310 at p. 302.

  12. 12.

    Natalie Mears, Queenship and Political Discourse in the Elizabethan Realms (Cambridge, 2005); Susan Doran, ‘Elizabeth I and Counsel’ in Jacqueline Rose (ed.), The Politics of Counsel in England and Scotland, 1286–1707 (Oxford, 2016), pp. 163–4.

  13. 13.

    Arnold Hunt, ‘The Early Modern Secretary and the Early Modern Archive’, Kate Peters, Alexandra Walsham and Liesbeth Corens (eds), Archives and Information in the Early Modern World (Oxford, 2018), p. 109.

  14. 14.

    J. H. Burns, The True Law of Kingship: concepts of monarch in Early Modern Scotland (Oxford, 1996), p. 77.

  15. 15.

    Jamie Cameron, James V: the personal rule, 1528–42 (East Linton, 1998), pp. 75–7.

  16. 16.

    Norman Macdougall, James IV (East Linton, 1997), p. 182.

  17. 17.

    Macdougall, James IV, p. 175.

  18. 18.

    Julian Goodare, The Government of Scotland 1560–1625 (Oxford, 2004), pp. 92–100.

  19. 19.

    Cameron, James V, pp. 9–69.

  20. 20.

    Cameron, James V, pp. 229–30.

  21. 21.

    NRS CS5/41 opp. f. 62v, f. 77r. Unusually for this period, two copies of this decision survive, one a clean copy written into the council register (f. 77r), and the other a loose sheet bearing a number of corrections but endorsed with a notary’s mark and ‘de mandato dominorum’ (opp. f. 62v). The loose sheet version names three more attendees at this meeting than those listed in the council register sederunt—perhaps these men joined the meeting late or left early but were specifically present for the business related to the Isles. The original note is not foliated, so must have been added to the volume at a late stage. ADCP, pp. 326–7.

  22. 22.

    A payment on 25 May to Ormond pursuivant might relate to this if he was paid on his return, if, however, Ormond was being paid before the journey this must have related to decisions made on 24 May: NRS E21/23 f. 26v.

  23. 23.

    NRS CS5/41 opp. 62v, 77r; ADCP, pp. 326–7.

  24. 24.

    Cameron, James V, p. 230.

  25. 25.

    NRS CS5/41 opp. f. 62v, f. 77r.

  26. 26.

    Robert Pitcairn, Ancient Criminal Trials in Scotland, 1488–1625 vol I part I (Edinburgh, 3 vols, 1833), pp. 144–8.

  27. 27.

    NRS E21/23 f. 26v.

  28. 28.

    NRS CS5/41 f. 78v, opp. f. 78v. The original note signed by James (opp. f. 78v) is dateless, but the copy in the register (f. 78v) is dated 19 May. The lack of foliation on the original note affirms it was bound in to the register at a relatively late stage. The ink on one of the additions is different, two are squashed into a gap between spiritual and secular lords and two are added to the right of the main list, the hand also appears to be different.

  29. 29.

    John Guy, ‘The Kings Council’ in A. Fox and J. Guy, Reassessing the Henrician Age: Humanism, Politics and Reform 1500–1550 (Oxford, 1986), pp. 121–50.

  30. 30.

    Brown, ‘Kings, Guardians and Councils’, p. 53.

  31. 31.

    NRS CS5/41 ff. 78v–80r.

  32. 32.

    NRS CS5/41 f. 79v.

  33. 33.

    NRS CS5/41 f. 79v.

  34. 34.

    Cameron, James V, pp. 75–7.

  35. 35.

    R. K. Hannay, ‘General Council and Convention of Estates’, SHR 20 (1923), pp. 98–115, at p. 103.

  36. 36.

    NRS CS5/41 f. 80v–82v.

  37. 37.

    NRS CS5/41 opp. f. 83r.

  38. 38.

    NRS CS5/41 f. 83r. The signed copy is marked with a small ‘o’. This marginal annotation appears elsewhere in the council registers as a finding aid or, potentially, as a symbol to denote an act should be extracted and copied elsewhere. Its appearance here may mean it was also used on loose papers destined to be copied into the council register: Amy Blakeway, ‘Reassessing the Scottish Parliamentary Records, 1528–1548: manuscript, print, bureaucracy and royal authority’, Parliamentary History 40 (2021), pp. 417–42 at p. 441.

  39. 39.

    For example, a just short of half page sederunt of the session from July 1533 recorded fourteen names but a very elaborate opening date and description of the meeting, in June 1531, forty-six names took up a third of a page but had no opening flourishes. In this context, between c. fourteen (if there was a fancy title) and c. fifty (if the entry made do with a simple date) represents the lower end of likely attendance. NRS CS6/3 f. 3; NRS CS5/42 f. 185r.

  40. 40.

    NRS CS5/41 f. 84r. This is confirmed by the nineteenth-century foliation.

  41. 41.

    For this practice elsewhere in the CS record series: Athol Murray, ‘Introduction’ to Alma B. Calderwood (ed.), Acts of the Lords of Council 1501–3 (Edinburgh, 1993), p. xiv.

  42. 42.

    NRS CS5/41 f.88r.

  43. 43.

    Hannay, ‘General Council and Convention of Estates’, p. 103.

  44. 44.

    NRS CS5/41 f. 84r; ADCP, p. 330.

  45. 45.

    W. K. Emond, The Minority of King James V: Scotland in Europe 1513–1528 (Edinburgh, 2019), pp. 102–87.

  46. 46.

    Roland Tanner, The Late Medieval Scottish Parliament: politics and the three estates, 1424–1488 (East Linton, 2001), p. 198.

  47. 47.

    NRS CS5/41 f.118v; ADCP, p. 342.

  48. 48.

    Amy Blakeway, Regency in Sixteenth-Century Scotland (Woodbridge, 2015), pp. 47–8.

  49. 49.

    Blakeway, ‘Privy Council of James V’, p. 36.

  50. 50.

    Andrea Thomas, ‘Renaissance Culture at the Court of James V’ (PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997), p. 396.

  51. 51.

    NRS CS5/41 f. 90v. ADCP, pp. 330–1.

  52. 52.

    NRS CS5/41 f. 84r; ADCP, p. 330.

  53. 53.

    NRS E21/23 f. 26v.

  54. 54.

    For Peebles and the crown in an earlier period see M. Brown, ‘The Burgh and the Forrest’, in Jackson Armstrong and Edda Frankot (eds), Cultures of Law in Urban Northern Europe. Scotland its Neighbours c.1350–c.1700 (Abingdon, 2020), pp. 123–138.

  55. 55.

    Thomas, ‘Renaissance Culture’, p. 396.

  56. 56.

    TA V, pp. 381–2; NRS E21/23 f. 27v. The submission of James Gordon of Lochinver at this time may also indicate the regime had enjoyed initial success in its negotiations with inhabitants of the west coast.

  57. 57.

    NRS CS5/41 f. 112v; ADCP, p. 340.

  58. 58.

    NRS CS5/41 f. 118v; ADCP, p. 342.

  59. 59.

    NRS CS5/41 f. 154v-155r; ADCP, p. 345.

  60. 60.

    NRS CS5/42 f. 40r; ADCP, pp. 348–9.

  61. 61.

    NRS CS5/42 f. 35r.

  62. 62.

    NRS CS5/42 f. 144v.

  63. 63.

    RPS 1531/7, /10. Date accessed 26 July 2021. These continuations are discussed in more detail at pp. 235–7.

  64. 64.

    NRS E21/24 ff. 44r–46r.

  65. 65.

    NRS CS5/42 f. 185r. Although the submission is not recorded in the council register the other business that date would not secure such a large audience and the dates strongly suggest the gathering was for the submission. The remission was issued on 8 June: RSS II, 938.

  66. 66.

    RPS, 1528/9/2. Date accessed: 6 September 2020. See also Appendix A Table A3.

  67. 67.

    John Dowden and Thomas J. Maitland, The bishops of Scotland. Being notes on the lives of all the bishops, under each of the sees, prior to the Reformation (Glasgow, 1910), pp. 291–2. Mac Eachainn did, however, sit as a judge on a heresy trial in August 1534: LJV, p. 274.

  68. 68.

    NRS CS5/42 f. 185v; ADCP, p. 356.

  69. 69.

    NRS CS5/42 f. 185v; ADCP, p. 356.

  70. 70.

    Cameron, James V, p. 237 (curiously Cameron gave a much more detailed and correct account of the complex situation regarding royal rents on p. 233); Alison Cathcart, ‘James V, king of Scotland—and Ireland?’ in Sean Duffy (ed.), The world of the galloglass Kings, warlords and warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600 (Dublin, 2007), pp. 124–43, p. 127. Following Cameron’s references (ER XVI, pp. 291, 344) it is clear Mac Dhòmhnaill rendered accounts but was never described as ‘camerario’ of the area.

  71. 71.

    The full sederunt was: archbishops/bishops of: St Andrews, Glasgow (chancellor), Dunkeld, Aberdeen; earls of Moray, Rothes; lords Erskine, Gray, St John; abbots of Cambuskenneth, Arbroath. Those classed as professional administrators: William Scott of Balwearie (later appointed to the session), Sir James Hamilton, Sir Thomas Erksine (secretary), James Colville (comptroller), Adam Otterburn (lord advocate), Nichol Crawford (justice clerk), James Foulis (clerk register), James Lauson, Francis Bothwell (both Edinburgh burgesses, later appointed to the session).

  72. 72.

    NRS CS5/42 f. 186r; ADCP, p. 357.

  73. 73.

    The group who met on 6 June also heard a private action raised by St Andrews on 7 June, evidently two meetings were held that day. NRS CS5/42 ff. 185v-186r; ADCP, pp. 356–7.

  74. 74.

    Cameron, James V, pp. 233-4. NRS CS5/42 f. 186r; ADCP, pp. 356–7.

  75. 75.

    NRS CS5/42 f. 186r; ADCP, pp. 356–7.

  76. 76.

    NRS CS5/42 f. 186v; ADCP, pp. 356–7.

  77. 77.

    Cameron, James V, pp. 233–9.

  78. 78.

    NRS CS5/42 f. 187r; ADCP, p. 358.

  79. 79.

    Cameron, James V, pp. 87, 117–24. Canonbie is visible on the plan of the debatable lands produced during their division in 1552: TNA M.P.F.257. See also: Sybil M. Jack, ‘The “Debatable Lands”, Terra Nullius, and Natural Law in the Sixteenth Century’, Northern History 41 (2004), pp. 289–300; W. Mackay Mackenzie, ‘The Debatable Lands’, SHR 30 (1951), pp. 109–25.

  80. 80.

    Richard Hoyle, ‘The Anglo-Scottish War of 1532–3’ Appendix to ‘Clifford Letters’ Camden Miscellany XXXI (1992), pp. 23–9.

  81. 81.

    Cathcart, ‘James V, King of Scotland—and Ireland?’.

  82. 82.

    NRS E21/24 ff. 35v, 38r-v; NRS E21/25 f. 42r.

  83. 83.

    ‘The Copy of the Indenture of Canabe’, [copied September 1531] BL Cotton Caligula MS B VII f.169r-v. I have been unable to locate either the original from which this copy was taken or the English part of the indenture to which it refers. The indenture was, however, part of broader peace negotiations at this time. See: Macdougall, James IV, p. 99; TNA E39/99/78. I am grateful to Professor Cynthia Neville for this last reference.

  84. 84.

    ‘Articles for Canonbie’ [Oct/Nov 1531], TNA SP1/68 f. 7r; ‘Answer to be made by Carlisle herald, in the King’s name, to the king of Scots’ credence declared in writing by Thomas Scot’, [autumn 1531] BL Cotton Caligula MS B VII f. 193r.

  85. 85.

    ‘The answer of the commissioners of Scotland’, 3 October 1531, BL Cotton Caligula MS B VIII f. 44r; ‘A breyf replye by the commissioners of England’, 3 October 1531, BL Cotton Caligula MS B VII f.173.

  86. 86.

    ‘A Proclamation made at Dumfries by the Commissioners of Scotland’, 3 October 1531, BL Caligula MS B VII f. 171.

  87. 87.

    NRS CS5/43 f. 53r; ADCP, pp. 362–3.

  88. 88.

    NRS CS5/43 f. 107r-v; NRS E21/25 f. 50r.

  89. 89.

    NRS CS5/43 f. 129v. For the judicial business that day see ff. 124v–127r.

  90. 90.

    NRS E21/25 ff. 50v-51r.

  91. 91.

    Thomas, ‘Renaissance Culture’, p. 401.

  92. 92.

    NRS CS5/43 f. 140v; ADCP, p. 370.

  93. 93.

    NRS CS5/43 f. 140v; ADCP, p. 370.

  94. 94.

    NRS E21/25 f. 50v.

  95. 95.

    Cameron, James V, p. 87.

  96. 96.

    LJV, p. 219.

  97. 97.

    LJV, p. 239.

  98. 98.

    LJV, pp. 242–3.

  99. 99.

    CSPV IV, 778; LJV, p. 211.

  100. 100.

    LJV, p. 219.

  101. 101.

    Alan Macquarrie, Scotland and the Crusades (Edinburgh, 1985), pp. 72–4; Macdougall, James IV, pp. 199–210 especially p. 206. Macquarrie suggests James IV may have held a genuine commitment to the notion of a crusade (Scotland and the Crusades, pp. 106–13).

  102. 102.

    Dacre to Henry VIII, 29 May 1532, TNA SP1/70 f. 58r.

  103. 103.

    Hoyle, ‘The Anglo-Scottish War of 1532–2’, pp. 23–9, at 24.

  104. 104.

    For the same point in relation to another conflict: Amy Blakeway, ‘The Anglo-Scottish War of 1558 and the Scottish Reformation’, History 102 (2017), pp. 201–224.

  105. 105.

    Northumberland to Henry VIII, 23 August 1532, TNA SP1/70 f.306v; Northumberland to Henry VIII, 3 September 1532, BL Cotton Caligula MS B I f.132r; Cathcart, ‘James V’; Marcos Balé and Emer Purcell (eds), Annals of Ulster, U1532.15, https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100001C/. I should like to thank Dr Geraldine Parsons for her kind advice on the Annals of Ulster; J. R. N. McPhail (ed.), Highland Papers I (Edinburgh, 1914), pp. 61–2; A. MacDonald and A. Macdonald, The Clan Donald II (Inverness, 1900), pp. 524–5.

  106. 106.

    NRS CS6/1 f.110v. For one of the wappenschawings held: William Fraser (ed.), Memorials of the Montgomeries II (Edinburgh, 1859), pp. 118–20.

  107. 107.

    NRS E21/26 f. 47r-v.

  108. 108.

    NRS E21/26 f. 47v.

  109. 109.

    For a summary of the debate on the different types of army: Neil Murphy ‘The Duke of Albany’s Invasion of England in 1523 and Military Mobilisation in Sixteenth-Century Scotland’, SHR XCIX (2020), pp. 1–20 at pp. 18–20.

  110. 110.

    NRS CS6/1 f. 117r.

  111. 111.

    This may have begun by 18 September when the hand used for the subsequent articles appears and the same layout is employed, but no sederunt is given: NRS CS6/1 f. 115r.

  112. 112.

    NRS CS6/1 f. 117r; ADCP, pp. 383–5.

  113. 113.

    Hannay, ‘General Council and Convention of Estates’, p. 102.

  114. 114.

    NRS CS6/1 ff. 117v-118r. Following the activities of 19 September, a sederunt of seven dated 20 September appears above some private legal business. This is followed by a much more neatly, spaciously laid out, list of articles. This has no separate sederunt, however, the first article begins ‘the quhilk day’. It seems most likely this was business heard after the legal activities of 20 September. Payment was made to a messenger who had told the laird of Billie to keep his house secure on pain of its destruction and loss of his heritage by 24 September, so the discussion must have concluded before this date: NRS E21/26 f. 48v.

  115. 115.

    NRS CS6/1 f. 118r; ADCP, pp. 383–5.

  116. 116.

    NRS CS6/1 f. 118r; ADCP, pp. 383–5.

  117. 117.

    NRS CS6/1 f. 118r; ADCP, pp. 383–5.

  118. 118.

    NRS CS6/1 ff. 123v,124v; ADCP, pp. 386–7.

  119. 119.

    NRS CS6/1 f. 124v; ADCP, pp. 386. English reports this happened in parliament on 14 October may be a mistake or reflect when this was proclaimed: Northumberland to Henry, 22 October 1532, TNA SP1/71 f.135v. The letter was separated into two parts and is continued at BL Cotton Caligula MS B VII f.179 (see L&P V, p. 616).

  120. 120.

    NRS CS6/2 f.27r; ADCP, p. 390.

  121. 121.

    Thomas, ‘Renaissance Culture’, p. 403; NRS E21/26 f. 53r. The household books on which Thomas based her study suggest James was in Haddington, the treasurers’ accounts suggest the army gathered to meet James in Lauder. The two are about twenty miles apart and the border is another twenty from Lauder. Since the household regularly undertook the journeys between Edinburgh and Linlithgow (eighteen miles) and Linlithgow and Stirling (twenty miles) in a day, and could journey between Edinburgh and Stirling in a day (about thirty-seven miles, depending on the route, and often with a break at Linlithgow), it seems plausible the main household was based at Haddington and James used this as a base to travel to Lauder. It seems unlikely however that he crossed the border since on 14 December the household returned to Edinburgh and the weather at this time of year would usually have been considered too adverse for campaigning.

  122. 122.

    NRS CS6/2 f.27r; ADCP, pp. 390–1; Murphy, ‘Duke of Albany’s Invasion’, pp. 18–20.

  123. 123.

    NRS CS6/2 ff. 33v–34v, 36r; ADCP, pp. 391–4.

  124. 124.

    NRS CS6/2 f.38r-v. See pp. 206-7 below for the tax negotiations in more detail.

  125. 125.

    NRS CS6/2 f. 39v; ADCP, pp. 394–5.

  126. 126.

    NRS CS6/2 f. 153r; ADCP, pp. 399–400.

  127. 127.

    NRS CS6/2 f. 153r; ADCP, pp. 399–400.

  128. 128.

    NRS E21/26 f. 61r.

  129. 129.

    NRS E21/26 f. 63r.

  130. 130.

    NRS CS6/1 ff. 120v, 123v; ADCP, p. 386.

  131. 131.

    Murphy, ‘Duke of Albany’s invasion’. Atholl and Argyll were told to attend with the second quarter, which corroborates the idea neither of them, at least, were leading it: NRS E21/26 f. 57r.

  132. 132.

    NRS CS6/2 ff. 79v-80r; ADCP, p. 396.

  133. 133.

    P. G. B. McNeil (ed.), The Practicks of Sir James Balfour of Pittendreich I (Edinburgh, 2 vols, 1962), p. 254 for an explanation of the basic principle of these payments. For previous versions of the Act see: RPS, A1522/7/1. Date accessed: 28 June 2021.

  134. 134.

    NRS CS6/2 ff. 153r, 79r-80v; ADCP, pp. 399, 396.

  135. 135.

    NRS CS6/2 f. 124v; ADCP, p. 398.

  136. 136.

    Blakeway, ‘Privy Council’.

  137. 137.

    Cameron, James V, p. 235; Cathcart, ‘James V’, pp. 128–9.

  138. 138.

    Cameron, James V, p. 237.

  139. 139.

    NRS E21/26 f. 57r.

  140. 140.

    Northumberland to Henry VIII, 23 August 1532, TNA SP1/70 ff. 206v–207r.

  141. 141.

    Thomas, ‘Renaissance Culture’, p. 352.

  142. 142.

    Thomas, ‘Renaissance Culture’, p. 319, 338; Historical Manuscripts Commission Report on the Manuscripts of the Duke of Hamilton (11th Report, appendix part VI, London, 1887), p. 220.

  143. 143.

    For the mercenary trade more broadly see: Ross Crawford, ‘Noble power in the West Highlands and Isles: James VI and the end of the mercenary trade with Ireland, 1594–96’, in Miles Ker-Petersen and Steven Reid (eds), James VI and Noble Power in Scotland (London, 2017), pp. 117–135; Seán Duffy (ed.), The World of the Galloglass: Kings, Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600 (Dublin, Four Courts, 2007).

  144. 144.

    For a recent summary: Murphy, ‘Duke of Albany’s Invasion of England in 1523’, pp. 20–2.

  145. 145.

    George Buchanan, History of Scotland ed. Sutton, http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/scothist/14eng.html 18–19, 48–9; http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/scothist/16eng.html, 11.

  146. 146.

    George Buchanan, History of Scotland ed. Sutton, http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/scothist/14eng.html, 36.

  147. 147.

    There is a large literature on Buchanan. For an introduction see: Caroline Erskine and Roger Mason (eds.), George Buchanan: political thought in early modern Britain and Europe (Farnham, 2012); Roger Mason and Martin Smith (eds and trans), A dialogue on the law of kingship among the Scots: a critical edition and translation of George Buchanan’s De jure regni apud Scotos dialogus (Aldershot, 2004); Roger A. Mason, ‘“Usable pasts”: history and identity in Reformation Scotland’, SHR 76 (1997), pp. 54–68; Roger A. Mason, ‘Civil society and the Celts: Hector Boece, George Buchanan and the ancient Scottish past’, in Edward J. Cowan and Richard J. Finlay (eds), Scottish history: the power of the past (Edinburgh, 2002), pp. 95–119.

  148. 148.

    Edmond Bapst, Les Marriages de Jacques V (Paris, 1889); Marie W. Stuart, The Scot who was a Frenchman: being the life of John Stewart, Duke of Albany, in Scotland, France and Italy (London, 1940), pp. 257–82; Lorna G. Barrow, ‘In pursuit of the hand of Madeleine de Valois: The European marriage negotiations of James V of Scotland 1517–1536’, in Ahlqvist, Anders and Pamela O’Neill (eds), Celts and their cultures at home and abroad: a festschrift for Malcolm Broun (Sydney, 2013), pp. 15–34 at 15; Clare Kellar, Scotland, England and the Reformation (Oxford, 2003).

  149. 149.

    RPS, 1451/6/3, 1473/10/1, A1504/3/147. Date accessed: 23 August 2020.

  150. 150.

    RPS, 1492/2/7, A1493/5/2. Date accessed: 23 August 2020.

  151. 151.

    RPS, A1524/11/1; 1526/6/38. Date accessed: 23 August 2020.

  152. 152.

    LJV, p. 52.

  153. 153.

    RPS, 1543/3/51. 1543/12/31, 1548/7/1. Date accessed: 23 August 2020.

  154. 154.

    RPS, 1535/14. Date accessed: 23 August 2020. For the 1538 parliament see pp. 213, 245-6 below.

  155. 155.

    James V to Albany, 10 May 1529, BL Cotton Caligula MS B VII f. 137r. This is printed in: Bapst, Marriages de Jacques V, pp. 137–8.

  156. 156.

    Elizabeth Bonner, ‘Stewart [Stuart], John, second duke of Albany (c. 1482–1536), soldier and magnate’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 23 Sep. 2004; Accessed 29 Aug. 2021; Peter D. Anderson, ‘James V, mistresses and children of (act. c. 1529–1592), monk and pensioner’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 23 Sep. 2004; Accessed 29 Aug. 2021.

  157. 157.

    Buchanan, History ed. Sutton, http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/scothist/14lat.html#32.

  158. 158.

    R. K. Hannay, ‘Shipping and the Staple, 1515–1531’, Book of the Old Edinburgh Club IX (1916), pp. 49–77; LJV, pp. 194, 265–7, 277–8; Carol Edington, Court and Culture in Renaissance Scotland (Amherst, Mass., 1984), pp. 32, 34; Bapst Marriages de Jacques V, pp. 171–9, 204–29; M. P. Rooseboom, The Scottish Staple in the Netherlands (The Hague, 1910), pp. 46–53. The marriage negotiations within the embassy were not noted by the convention of burghs: RCRBS, pp. 507–12. See pp. 149–151 for more on this.

  159. 159.

    LJV, p. 283.

  160. 160.

    LJV, p. 52.

  161. 161.

    RPS, 1535/8, 14. Date accessed: 23 August 2020.

  162. 162.

    LJV, pp. 282, 284.

  163. 163.

    RPS, 1535/5. Date accessed: 23 August 2020.

  164. 164.

    LJV, pp. 294–5.

  165. 165.

    LJV, p. 296.

  166. 166.

    NRS E21/24 f. 36r; NRS CS5/41 f. 119r; LJV, p. 212.

  167. 167.

    LJV, p. 236.

  168. 168.

    Bapst, Marriages de Jacques V, p. 192.

  169. 169.

    RPS, 1535/14. Date accessed: 23 August 2020.

  170. 170.

    Dooms of forfeiture were read on 5 September 1528 (RPS 1528/9/10–14)—there is no sederunt on that date but since parliament had not been dismissed, all those present on 2 September are likely to have attended (RPS 1528/9/2); the April 1531 parliament was summoned to see Canonchston’s trial, in the event they saw his case continued (RPS 1531/2–4); the 1532 parliament reduced a forfeiture (RPS 1532/2, 8); forfeitures took place on 10 December 1540 (RPS 1540/12/6, 36–7, A1540/12/1) and 14 March 1541 (RPS 1540/12/52–3).

  171. 171.

    A. J. Mann, ‘House Rules: Parliamentary Procedure’, in Keith M. Brown and Alan R. MacDonald (eds), Parliament in Context, 1235–1707 (Edinburgh, 2010), pp. 122–56 at pp. 146–8.

  172. 172.

    Rait, Parliaments of Scotland, pp. 402–3; Murray, ‘Exchequer, Council and Session’, p. 105; Mann, ‘House Rules’, p. 142; A. M. Godfrey, Civil Justice in Renaissance Scotland: the Origins of a Civil Court (Leiden, 2009), pp. 106–7; Blakeway, ‘Privy Council of James V’.

  173. 173.

    Herman Schück, ‘Sweden’s Early Parliamentary Institutions’, in M. F. Metcalfe (ed.), The Riksdag: a History of the Swedish Parliament (Stockholm, 1987), p. 43.

  174. 174.

    Dénes Harai, ‘Le Conseil du Roi de Hongrie (1458–1559)’ in Céderic Michon (ed.), Conseils et Conseillers dans l’Europe de la Renaissance 1450–1550 (Tours, 2012), pp. 243–72 at pp. 259–60.

  175. 175.

    Claude de Seyssel, La grant monarchie de France composee par missure Claude de Seyssel lors euesque de Marseille et a present Archeuseque de Thurin adressant au roy tres crestien francoys premier de ce nom (Paris, 1519), ff. xviiir-xxiv. See also the discussion in Mears, Queenship and Political Discourse, p. 85.

  176. 176.

    Cameron, James V, pp. 245–8, 286–313.

  177. 177.

    NRS E21/37 ff. 66v–71r; Aberd. Recs. I, p. 173.

  178. 178.

    Eure to Cromwell, 26 January 1540, BL Royal MS VII C XVI f.137v.

  179. 179.

    The treasurers’ accounts are lacking from August 1542 until the end of the year (NRS E21/39 ends on 16 August 1542; NRS E21/40 is damaged but contains expenses from January 1543). Nothing relevant is noted in NRS CS7/1.

  180. 180.

    Julian Goodare, ‘The Scottish Parliament and its early modern “rivals”’, Parliaments, Estates and Representation 24 (2001), pp. 147–72.

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Blakeway, A. (2022). Conventions of the Lords, War and Wedlock: Public Or Private Consultation?. In: Parliament and Convention in the Personal Rule of James V of Scotland, 1528–1542. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89377-4_3

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