Abstract
The territory Slovakia of reveals exceptionally high diversity of landforms. Geomorphological history of the Western Carpathians can be traced back to the Early/Middle Miocene (10 and 20 Ma) and of the Panonian Basin to the Late Miocene, respectively. The development the Western Carpathians went on in phases, through interaction of tectonic movements and subaerial factors. Tectonic movements manifested themselves in the shape of a general uplift of the Western Carpathians and through differentiated movements of individual blocks within the dome-like structure, which are reflected in the basic internal division of the West Carpathians into two contrasting groups of macroforms: individual mountain ranges and intermountain basins. Terminal Miocene uplift of the Carpathians isolated the Pannonian region from the rest of Paratethys, which allowed for the emergence of the Pannonian Lake. Its extinction at the end of the Pliocene gave the birth to the Slovak lowlands. During the Pleistocene, spatially variable subaerial processes took place epicyclically under the strong influence of tectonic movements and lithologic-structural properties. The variability of processes in space and time led, on the one hand, to re-modelling of macroforms into new patterns of landforms (U-shaped valleys, ridges, moraines, terraces, plateaus, alluvial fans, etc.), and on the other one, to infilling and flattening of subsiding areas to form basins occupied by plains and floodplains. Human impact during the Holocene and Little Ice Age periods is mentioned in brief, too.
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Acknowledgements
he research was supported by Science Grant Agency (VEGA) of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences; 02/0086/21. The authors wish to thank Dr. Ján Lacika for providing photos.
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Lehotský, M., Rusnák, M. (2022). Geomorphological History of Slovak Landscape. In: Lehotský, M., Boltižiar, M. (eds) Landscapes and Landforms of Slovakia. World Geomorphological Landscapes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89293-7_4
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