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Diabetes Mellitus and Infertility

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Comprehensive Clinical Approach to Diabetes During Pregnancy

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disorder with substantial implications for disease burden and healthcare costs. It is characterized by increasing number of adolescents and young women with DM type 1 (T1DM), as well as DM type 2 (T2DM). Both T1DM and T2DM are significantly associated with female reproductive dysfunction, including an increased risk for delayed menarche, menstrual disorders, hormonal disturbances, polycystic ovarian syndrome, decreased ovarian reserve, sexual dysfunction, and early menopause, all of which adversely affect fertility. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms include hypothalamic, pituitary, ovarian and/or metabolic factors. Additionally, a bidirectional association is present between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and infertility. Importantly, GDM can increase the risk of fetal death and congenital malformation and pregnancies acquired by assisted reproductive technologies, due to infertility, are associated with increased GDM risk. Reproductive dysfunction in women with DM should be routinely addressed in clinical practice and preconception care should be incorporated in routine diabetes care, starting at puberty. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize current knowledge regarding the association of DM with fertility during the female reproductive life, from menarche to menopause.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

    Maria A. Christou

  2. Unit for Human Reproduction, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Antonios Kalpatsanidis & Efstratios M. Kolibianakis

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  1. Maria A. Christou
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  2. Antonios Kalpatsanidis
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  3. Efstratios M. Kolibianakis
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Correspondence to Efstratios M. Kolibianakis .

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  1. Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Dimitrios G. Goulis

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Christou, M.A., Kalpatsanidis, A., Kolibianakis, E.M. (2022). Diabetes Mellitus and Infertility. In: Goulis, D.G. (eds) Comprehensive Clinical Approach to Diabetes During Pregnancy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89243-2_20

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