Abstract
Native valvular disease is not “cured” when replaced by a prosthetic valve. A prosthetic valve requires vigilant monitoring for complications that usually require a multidisciplinary approach to evaluation and management. This chapter will give an overview of the fundamentals of mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valves, as well as highlight key considerations for outpatient surveillance and management.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- ASA:
-
Aspirin
- AVR:
-
Aortic valve replacement
- CBC:
-
Complete blood count
- CMR:
-
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
- CT:
-
Computed tomography
- DOAC:
-
Direct oral anticoagulant
- ECG:
-
Electrocardiogram
- EGD:
-
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
- FFP:
-
Fresh frozen plasma
- INR:
-
International normalized ratio
- LDH:
-
Lactate dehydrogenase
- LMWH:
-
Low molecular weight heparin
- MVR:
-
Mitral valve replacement
- PCC:
-
Prothrombin complex concentrate
- PPM:
-
Patient prosthesis mismatch
- PVL:
-
Paravalvular leak
- TAVR:
-
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- TEE:
-
Transesophageal echocardiogram
- TTE:
-
Transthoracic echocardiogram
- UFH:
-
Unfractionated heparin
- VKA:
-
Vitamin K antagonist
- VTE:
-
Venothromboembolism
References
Russo M, Taramasso M, Guidotti A, Pozzoli A, Nietilspach F, Segesser LK, et al. The evolution of surgical valves. Cardiovasc Med. 2017;20(12):285–92.
Dangas GD, Weitz JI, Giustino G, Makkar R, Mehran R. Prosthetic heart valve thrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(24):2670–89.
Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Gentile F, et al. ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2020;2020:Cir0000000000000923.
Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Guyton RA, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(22):e57–185.
Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Fleisher LA, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2017;135(25):e1159–e95.
Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Brueckmann M, Granger CB, Kappetein AP, Mack MJ, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(13):1206–14.
Chikwe J, Chiang YP, Egorova NN, Itagaki S, Adams DH. Survival and outcomes following bioprosthetic vs mechanical mitral valve replacement in patients aged 50 to 69 years. JAMA. 2015;313(14):1435–42.
de Haas S, Ghossein-Doha C, van Kuijk SM, van Drongelen J, Spaanderman ME. Physiological adaptation of maternal plasma volume during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017;49(2):177–87.
Bremme KA. Haemostatic changes in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2003;16(2):153–68.
van Hagen IM, Roos-Hesselink JW, Ruys TP, Merz WM, Goland S, Gabriel H, et al. Pregnancy in women with a mechanical heart valve: data of the European Society of Cardiology Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease (ROPAC). Circulation. 2015;132(2):132–42.
Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, Lockhart PB, Baddour LM, Levison M, et al. Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. 2007;116(15):1736–54.
Baumgartner H, Falk V, Bax JJ, De Bonis M, Hamm C, Holm PJ, et al. 2017 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(36):2739–91.
Pernod G, Godier A, Gozalo C, Tremey B, Sie P. French clinical practice guidelines on the management of patients on vitamin K antagonists in at-risk situations (overdose, risk of bleeding, and active bleeding). Thromb Res. 2010;126(3):e167–74.
Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG Jr, Tleyjeh IM, Rybak MJ, et al. Infective endocarditis in adults: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;132(15):1435–86.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bhargava, A.A., Dollar, A. (2022). Prosthetic Valve Disease. In: Bhargava, A.A., Wells, B.J., Quintero, P.A. (eds) Handbook of Outpatient Cardiology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88953-1_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88953-1_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-88952-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-88953-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)