Abstract
Chronic joint pain (>3 months) affects 63 million of Americans with 18.7 million reported shoulder (glenohumeral) joint pain, and 11.4 million reported wrist (radiocarpal) joint pain. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of joint pain. With an aging population, the prevalence of joint pain is expected to rise. Mild to moderate symptoms can be managed with pharmacologic and physical therapy. For patients with moderate to advanced pain and disabilities, clinicians usually resort to more invasive therapy (injection or surgery). Various shoulder injections are available but the efficacy decreases with advanced disease when shoulder arthroplasty is usually considered. Unlike the hip and knee arthroplasties, the outcome of shoulder arthroplasty is not as promising and the risk of post-arthroplasty persistent pain is up to 22%.
This chapter discussed in details the innervation of shoulder and the pertinent image-discernable landmarks that can be adopted for shoulder denervation.
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Tran, J., Peng, P. (2022). Shoulder Denervation. In: Jankovic, D., Peng, P. (eds) Regional Nerve Blocks in Anesthesia and Pain Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88727-8_22
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88727-8_22
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