Abstract
Cities must be increasingly connected, flexible, interactive, and sustainable to meet citizens’ current needs for quality of life. In a world where the population is continually growing, resource consumption must be adequate and socially distributed. As a result, it also becomes an incentive for innovative and intelligent solutions that can somehow solve these problems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Ahvenniemi, H., Huovila, A., Pinto-Seppä, I., & Airaksinen, M. (2017). What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities? Cities, 60, 234–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.09.009.
Al‐Turjman, F., Zahmatkesh, H., & Shahroze, R. (2019). An overview of security and privacy in smart cities’ IoT communications. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.3677.
Anderson, R., & Fuloria, S. (2010). Security economics and critical national infrastructure. In, 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6967-5_4
Angelidou, M. (2014). Smart city policies: A spatial approach. Cities, 41, S3–S11. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.06.007.
Bagheri, E., & Ghorbani, A. A. (2010). A framework for the manifestation of tacit critical infrastructure knowledge. In K. Gopalakrishnan, & S. Peeta (Eds.), Sustainable and resilient critical infrastructure systems, (pp. 139–158). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11405-2_5.
Batty, M., Axhausen, K. W., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M., Ouzounis, G., & Portugali, Y. (2012). Smart cities of the future. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 214, 481–518. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2012-01703-3
Batty, M. (2012). Smart cities, big data. In Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 39, (pp. 191–193). SAGE Publications Ltd STM. https://doi.org/10.1068/b3902ed.
Booton, R. C., & Ramo, S. (1984). The development of systems engineering. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, AES-20, 306–310. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAES.1984.4502055.
BP Energy Economics. (2018). BP energy outlook. https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/energy-outlook.html. Accessed April 29, 2021.
Bürgy, R. (2020). Networks of critical infrastructures: cost estimation and defense of attacks. 17–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41826-7_2.
Cascetta, E. (2001). Transportation systems. 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6873-2_1.
Casino, F., Patsakis, C., Batista, E., Borras, F., & Martinez-Balleste, A. (2017). Healthy routes in the smart city: A context-aware mobile recommender. IEEE Software, 34, 42–47. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2017.4121209
Chard, J., & Douglass, B. P. (2015). Agile product development for dummies. IBM.
Costa, E. M, & Oliveira, Á. D. (2017). In R. Frodeman (Eds.), Humane smart cities. vol. 1. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.19.
Crosgrove, M., Harthoorn, W., Hogan, J., Jabbar, R., Kehoe, M., Meegam, J., & Mesbitt, P. (2011). Smart cities series: introducing the IBM city operations and management solutions.
Curiale, M. (2014). From smart grids to smart city. In 2014 Saudi Arabia smart grid conference (SASG) (pp. 1–9). https://doi.org/10.1109/SASG.2014.7274280.
D’Odorico, P., Davis, K. F., Rosa, L., Carr, J. A., Chiarelli, D., Dell’Angelo, J., Gephart, J., et al. (2018). The Global food-energy-water Nexus. Reviews of Geophysics, 56, 456–531. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017RG000591
Department for Business Innovation and Skills. (2013). Smart cities background paper. London. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/246019/bis-13-1209-smart-cities-background-paper-digital.pdf. Accessed April 29, 2021.
Effing, Robin, and Bert P. Groot. 2016. Social Smart City: Introducing Digital and Social Strategies for Participatory Governance in Smart Cities. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 9820 LNCS:241–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44421-5_19.
European Comission. (2020). Smart cities. https://ec.europa.eu/info/eu-regional-and-urban-development/topics/cities-and-urban-development/city-initiatives/smart-cities_en. Accessed September 23, 2020.
European Research & Innovation for Food & Nutrition Security. (2016). FOOD 2030 high-level conference background document.
FAO. (2020). The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2020. FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9692en
FAO. (2011). Global food losses and food waste—Extent, causes and prevention. http://www.fao.org/3/i2697e/i2697e.pdf. Accessed April 29, 2021.
Florida, R. (2003). Cities and the creative class. City and Community, 2, 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6040.00034
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2020). Technical platform on the measurement and reduction of food loss and waste.
Foord, J. (2013). The new boomtown? Creative city to Tech City in east London. Cities, 33, 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2012.08.009.
Gheorghe, A. V., Masera, M., Weijnen, M., & De Vries, L. (Eds.). (2006). Critical Infrastructures at Risk (Vol. 9). Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality. Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4364-3.
Gracia, T. J. H., & García, A. C. (2018). Sustainable smart cities. creating spaces for technological, social and business development. In M. Peris-ortiz, D. R. Bennett, & D. P. –B. Yábar (Eds.). Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA 6. https://doi.org/10.29057/icea.v6i12.3074.
Granier, B., & Kudo, H. (2016). How are citizens involved in smart cities? Analysing citizen participation in Japanese ``Smart Communities’’. Edited by Hans Jochen Scholl. Information Polity, 21, 61–76. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-150367
Griffin, M. D. (2007). System engineering and the “two cultures” of engineering. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 35, 44–44. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2007.4296425
Haberfellner, R., de Weck, O., Fricke, E., & Vössner, S. (2019). Systems engineering. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13431-0
Haykin, S., & Moher, M. (2008). Communication systems. 5th Editio. Wiley.
Hirshorn, S. R., Voss, L. D., & Bromley, L. K. (2017). NASA systems engineering handbook. NASA Headquarters.
IBM. (2011). IBM smarter city solutions. ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/la/documents/imc/la/cl/news/events/infrastructuresummit/smarter_city_solutions.pdf. Accessed April 29, 2021
IEA. (2018). SDG7: Data and projections. https://www.iea.org/reports/sdg7-data-and-projections/access-to-electricity. Accessed April 29, 2021
IEEE SA. (2017). What the “Smart” in smart cities is all about. https://beyondstandards.ieee.org/smart-smart-cities/. Accessed April 29, 2021.
IEEE. (2019). Smart cities. https://www.ieee-pes.org/pes-communities/ieee-smart-cities. Accessed April 29, 2021.
Ignasi, C., & Zarlenga Matías, I. (2015). Smart city or smart citizens? The Barcelona case. Edited by Amel Attour and Thierry Burger-Helmchen. Journal of Strategy and Management, 8, 266–282. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-03-2015-0030.
Ingram, J. (2011). A food systems approach to researching food security and its interactions with global environmental change. Food Security, 3, 417–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-011-0149-9
International Monetary Fund. (2018). World economic outlook: Growth slowdown. Precarious Recovery.
Isafiade, O. E., & Bagula, A. B. (2020). Series mining for public safety advancement in emerging smart cities. Future Generation Computer Systems, 108, 777–802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2020.03.002
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27. (2013). ISO/IEC TR 27019:2013 information technology—Security techniques—Information security management guidelines based on ISO/IEC 27002 for process control systems specific to the energy utility industry.
Katina, P., & Gheorghe, A. V. (2014). Editorial: Resiliency and engineering systems—Research trends and challenges. International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, 10, 193–199.
Kitchin, R. (2014). The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism. GeoJournal, 79, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-013-9516-8
Komninos, N. (2002). In Taylor & Francis (Eds.), Intelligent cities: Innovation, knowledge systems, and digital spaces.
Kossiakoff, A., & Sweet, W. N. (2002). Systems engineering principles and practice. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471723630
Kyaw, T. Y., & Ng, A. K. (2017). Smart aquaponics system for urban farming. Energy Procedia, 143, 342–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.694
Lai, C. S., Jia, Y., Dong, Z., Wang, D., Tao, Y., Lai, Q. H., Wong, R. T. K., Zobaa, A. F., Wu, R., & Lai, L. L. (2020). A review of technical standards for smart cities. Clean Technologies, 2, 290–310. https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2030019
Li, Z., Wang, X., & Zhang, T. (2021). 5G+. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6819-0.
Machell, J., Prior, K., Allan, R., & Andresen, J. M. (2015). The water energy food nexus—challenges and emerging solutions. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 1. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 15–16. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EW90001D.
Macke, J., Casagrande, R. M., Sarate, J. A. R., & Silva, K. A. (2018). Smart city and quality of life: Citizens’ perception in a Brazilian case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 182, 717–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.078.
Mahmood, Z. (2018). Smart cities: Development and governance frameworks. 1st ed. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76669-0.
Mary, M. C. V. S., Devaraj, G. P., Theepak, T. A., Pushparaj, D. J., & Esther, J. M. (2018). Intelligent energy efficient street light controlling system based on IoT for smart city. In 2018 international conference on smart systems and inventive technology (ICSSIT) (pp. 551–554). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSIT.2018.8748324.
Maulana, F. R., Widyanto, T. A. S., Pratama, Y., & Mutijarsa, K. (2018). Design and development of smart trash bin prototype for municipal solid waste management. In 2018 International conference on ICT for smart society (ICISS) (pp. 1–6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTSS.2018.8550013.
McCarthy, N. (2013). Engineering responsability. In R. Lawlor (Eds.), Engineering in society e-book, Second (pp. 27–29). Royal Academy of Engineering.
McKinsey. (2019). Global energy perspective 2019: Reference case, energy insights.
Mohanty, S. P., Choppali, U., & Kougianos, E. (2016). Everything you wanted to know about smart cities: The Internet of things is the backbone. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, 5, 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCE.2016.2556879
Mohseni, H. (2020). Public engagement and smart city definitions: a classifying model for the evaluation of citizen power in 2025 Tehran. GeoJournal, 0123456789. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10126-x.
Moustaka, V., Theodosiou, Z., Vakali, A., Kounoudes, A., & Anthopoulos, L. G. (2019). Εnhancing social networking in smart cities: Privacy and security borderlines. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 142, 285–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.10.026
Mrazovic, P., De La Rubia, I., Urmeneta, J., Balufo, C., Tapias, R., Matskin, M., & Larriba-Pey, J. L. (2016). CIGO! mobility management platform for growing efficient and balanced smart city ecosystem. In 2016 IEEE international smart cities conference (ISC2) (pp. 1–4). https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580750.
Murgante, B., & Borruso, G. (2014). Smart city or smurfs city. In Lecture notes in computer science (pp. 738–749), 8580 LNCS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09129-7_53.
Murray, A. T., & Grubesic, T. H. (2007). Overview of reliability and vulnerability in critical infrastructure. In Critical infrastructure (pp. 1–8). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68056-7_1.
Oliveira, A., & Campolargo, M. (2015). From smart cities to human smart cities. In 2015 48th Hawaii international conference on system sciences (pp. 2336–2344). IEEE. March 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2015.281.
Onasanya, A., & Elshakankiri, M. (2019). Smart integrated IoT healthcare system for cancer care. Wireless Networks, 1. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-018-01932-1.
Penteado, C., Olivatti, Y., Lopes, G., Rodrigues, P., Filev, R., & Aquino, P. T. (2018). Water leaks detection based on thermal images. In 2018 IEEE international smart cities conference (ISC2) (pp. 1–8). https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC2.2018.8656938.
Radder, H. (2009). Why technologies are inherently normative. In Philosophy of technology and engineering sciences (pp. 887–921). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-51667-1.50037-9.
Rhodes, D., & Hastings, D. (2004). The case for evolving systems engineering as a field within engineering systems.
Sairamesh, J., Lee, A., & Anania, L. (Eds.). (2004). Session details: Information cities. Communications of the ACM 47, 3263538. https://doi.org/10.1145/3263538.
Salles, R. S., Zambroni de Souza, A. C., & Ribeiro, P. F. (2020). Exploratory research of social aspects for smart city development in Itajubá. In 2020 IEEE international smart cities conference (ISC2) (pp. 1–8). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC251055.2020.9239032.
Schipanski, M. E., & Bennett, E. M. (2012). The influence of agricultural trade and livestock production on the global phosphorus cycle. Ecosystems, 15, 256–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9507-x
Shirey, R. (2007). Internet security glossary, Version 2. https://doi.org/10.17487/rfc4949.
The Guardian. (2017). Water companies losing vast amounts through leakage, as drought fears rise. https://bit.ly/3e1HmoM. Accessed April 29, 2021.
The World Bank. (2016). The World Bank and the international water association to establish a partnership to reduce water losses. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2016/09/01/the-world-bank-and-the-international-water-association-to-establish-a-partnership-to-reduce-water-losses. Accessed April 29, 2021.
The World Bank. (2017). Water supply. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/watersupply. Accessed April 29, 2021.
The World Bank. (2019a). Digital development. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/digitaldevelopment. Accessed April 29, 2021.
The World Bank. (2019b). Transport. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/transport. Accessed April 29, 2021.
The World Bank. (2020a). Agriculture and food. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture. Accessed April 29, 2021.
The World Bank. (2020b). Health. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/health. Accessed April 29, 2021.
The World Bank. (2020c). Energy. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/energy/overview#1. Accessed September 23, 2020.
Tian, S., Yang, W., Le Grange, J. M., Wang, P., Huang, W., & Ye, Z. (2019). Smart healthcare: making medical care more intelligent. Global Health Journal, 3, 62–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glohj.2019.07.001.
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization. (2019). Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000–2017.
Uribe-Pérez, N., & Pous, C. (2017). A novel communication system approach for a Smart City based on the human nervous system. Future Generation Computer Systems, 76, 314–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2016.12.035
van Zoonen, L. (2016). Privacy concerns in smart cities. Government Information Quarterly, 33, 472–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.06.004
Vinod Kumar, T. M. (2020). Smart living for smart cities. In Advances in 21st century human settlements (pp. 3–71). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4615-0_1.
Webber Energy Group. (2020). Nexus of food, waste, & energy.
World Bank Group. (2017). World development report 2017: Governance and the Law. The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0950-7
World Health Organization, and The World Bank. (2019). Global monitoring report on financial protection in health 2019.
Yigitcanlar, T., O’Connor, K., & Westerman, C. (2008). The making of knowledge cities: Melbourne’s knowledge-based urban development experience. Cities, 25, 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2008.01.001.
Yigitcanlar, T., Kamruzzaman, M. D., Foth, M., Sabatini-Marques, J., da Costa, E., & Ioppolo, G. (2019). Can cities become smart without being sustainable? A systematic review of the literature. Sustainable Cities and Society, 45, 348–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.11.033.
Yovanof, G. S., & Hazapis, G. N. (2009). An architectural framework and enabling wireless technologies for digital cities & intelligent urban environments. Wireless Personal Communications, 49, 445–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-009-9693-4
Zio, E. (2016). Critical infrastructures vulnerability and risk analysis. European Journal for Security Research, 1, 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41125-016-0004-2
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Almeida, G.C.S., Salles, R.S., Silva, M.N.S., Zambroni de Souza, A.C., Ribeiro, P.F. (2022). The Need of Normative Technologies for Smart Living Cities. In: Zambroni de Souza, A.C., Verkerk, M.J., Ribeiro, P.F. (eds) Interdisciplinary and Social Nature of Engineering Practices. Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics, vol 61. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88016-3_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88016-3_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-88015-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-88016-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)