Atoms

Abstract

Atomic physics is introduced in this chapter. This discipline studies the atoms which form all the solid, liquid, and gaseous matter of the universe. It is the infinitesimal world where classical laws which govern our macroscopic daily life do not apply. Radioactivity, which has a direct impact on the human species, is also studied. It produces radiations and releases particles; it is invisible, odorless, and inaudible, and yet it radiates, contaminates, destroys, and kills. On another side, the radioactivity benefits the medical field, industrial world, agro-food area, cultural field, and others; it is today essential for humanity’s survival and development.

This chapter begins with a precise course, followed by exercises in order of increasing difficulty. These exercises are solved in a very detailed way; they allow students to assimilate the course and help them prepare for exams. It is intended for first-year university students. It can also benefit bachelor’s and doctoral students, because of the deliberately simplified presentation of the treated concepts.