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Microbial Protein Elicitors in Plant Defense

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Microbial Biocontrol: Sustainable Agriculture and Phytopathogen Management

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Abstract

Plant-microbe interactions are inevitable and determine whether the relationship is beneficial or pathogenic. Microbes secrete proteins that establish virulence and pathogenicity as well as proteins that exert a positive role in plant resistance development. Certain glycoproteins produced by microbes are identified to act as microbial signatures that activate plant innate immunity. Flagellin, cold shock proteins, elongation factor thermo unstable (EF-TU) peptides, and several other proteins produced by microbes are found to trigger plant resistance via the salicylic acid pathway. Likewise, lipopolysaccharides produced by certain beneficial microbes are found to trigger plant resistance against biotic stress via the jasmonic acid or ethylene pathway. Harpin proteins establish a strong amplified version of immunity, viz., systemic acquired resistance, and offer beneficial multifunctional effects to plants. Similarly, viral proteins, including coat and nuclear proteins, can contribute to resistance against viral plant diseases. Perception of microbial elicitors occurs via plant cell surface receptors which induce altered ion flux across the plasma membrane leading to alkalization, ROS accumulation, hormone signalling, and activation of defense genes and enzymes. These signalling responses initiated by microbial proteins can establish disease resistance in plants. This chapter illustrates various molecular mechanisms of defensive action by microbial protein elicitors in plants and also provides knowledge for the development of microbial protein-based smart biocontrol agents in the future.

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Acknowledgment

The research was supported by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD-FAST CoE) (F.No.5-6/2013-TS-VII), from the Government of India under grant number F.No.5-6/2013-TSVII sanctioned to SU and Core funding from the Department of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu Government, through University-PDF support to BJ by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. This work was also supported by awards to JMF through the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Physical Biosciences Program (DOE DE-FG02-05ER15650) to advance microbial biocatalysts and the National Institutes of Health (NIH R01 GM57498) to understand ubiquitin-proteasome systems in disease.

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  1. Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    J. Beslin Joshi

  2. Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    D. Senthamilselvi & Sivakumar Uthandi

  3. Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Julie A. Maupin-Furlow

  4. Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Julie A. Maupin-Furlow

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  4. Sivakumar Uthandi
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Correspondence to Sivakumar Uthandi .

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  1. Postharvest Science, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani centre, Israel, Rishon, Lezzion, Israel

    Ajay Kumar

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Joshi, J.B., Senthamilselvi, D., Maupin-Furlow, J.A., Uthandi, S. (2022). Microbial Protein Elicitors in Plant Defense. In: Kumar, A. (eds) Microbial Biocontrol: Sustainable Agriculture and Phytopathogen Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87512-1_10

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